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Introduction to Drop Down List in ASP.NET

We all must have seen various web pages with drop-downs consisting of multiple chúng tôi is usually a list with options. In the registration forms or while entering our details while signing on any page, we fill our details, there we can see the drop-down list with countries, states, areas, etc. The developer usually uses Drop-down List control to give a chance to select one option out of multiple options shown in the drop-down list or listed items. In this topic, we will learn about the drop-down list in chúng tôi It is used to store multiple items. The drop-down list control is also named Combo box control.

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Properties of Drop Down List in ASP.NET

Let us see some of the important properties of the drop-down list in ASP .NET.

DropDownList1.Items.Count: It provides the total number of options or items in the drop-down list.

DropDownList1.Items.Add(“ItemName”): Suppose we want to add some new item; this property is useful for adding the item to the drop-down list.

DropDownList1.Items.Remove(“ItemName”): It will help to remove the item from the drop-down list.

DropDownList1.Items.Insert(int index, “ItemName”): If we want the item added at a specific position, this property helps add a new item at a specific position in the drop-down list control.

DropDownList1.Items.RemoveAt(int index): it will remove the specific item from a specific position (index) from the drop-down list control.

DropDownList1.Items.Clear(): if we don’t want all the items, we want to add another, or maybe we want to change the items from the drop-down chúng tôi it’s better to clear all the items first. This property clears all the provided items from the drop-down list.

DropDownList1.SelectionItem.Text: this is one of the important properties because it will return the text value in the selected items in the drop-down list.

DropDownList1.SelectedIndex: index will always start from zero. When we select any item from the drop-down list, it is associated with the index. This property will return the position of the selected item, that is, its index value.

DropDownList1.DataSource: it is mostly the DataTable or DataSet.

DropDownList1.DataValueField: It will bind the value to the drop-down list, which will be visible in the drop-down list.

Item: it will collect the items from the drop-down list.

DataTextField: values will be visible to the chúng tôi is used to set the text in the Drop-down list control.

DataValueFeild: This is used to set the column’s name as a value in the drop-down list. This value is not visible to the end user.

How to create a Drop-down List in ASP.Net?

Let us see how we can create a Drop-down list in ASP .NET with the help of the below steps.

Step 1:

Open Visual Studio 2023 and create a new web form.

Step 2:

Now we must drag the drop-down list from the toolbox and drop it in the form.

After dragging the drop-down list, it will look like this

Step 3:

To add the items to the list, go to the Items property and add it.

Step 4:

Step 5:

Provide the values to the text and value properties, and add the items.

We have two options to add the items; one is to add its multiple options in the items list directly by writing into the .aspx page. Secondly, we can add it dynamically or bind it via the database at run time.

Example of Drop Down List in ASP.NET

Now we will see how we implement a drop-down list in chúng tôi via code. Let’s have a look at this example for a better understanding.

Example

In this example, we want to display color from the multiple options of color present in the drop-down list.

Code:

<%@ Page Title="Home Page" Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" DropDownListExample.aspx.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; namespace DropDownListExample { public partial class _Default : Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } { if (DropDownList1.SelectedValue == "") { Label1.Text = ""; } else Label1.Text = "Your selected color is: " + DropDownList1.SelectedValue; } } }

After executing the above code, we will get an output with a drop-down with different colors.

DropDownList1.SelectedValue property is used in this code to provide the selected item from the drop-down. Here, ListItem contains all the required items, which must be shown in the drop-down list.

Output:

After selecting the color from the drop-down list in chúng tôi it will be displayed to the user. Here we selected the “Black” Color.

Conclusion

I hope now you have some basic understanding of the Drop Down List in chúng tôi Therefore, we have seen how the drop-down list is used in the .net framework to display it on the various forms and registration chúng tôi is a handy feature when you have a huge list, so storing these values in the drop-down list is better.

C Program To Implement Forward List In Stl

fl.resize() = Returns the resize of forward_list. fl.push_front() = It is used to push elements into a foward_list from the front. fl.remove() = Deletes elements from forward_list. fl.unique() = Deletes duplicate elements from forward_list. fl.reverse() = Reverses the forward_list. using namespace std; int main() { int c, n; while (1) { cout<<“1.Insert Element at the Front”<<endl; cout<<“2.Delete Element at the Front”<<endl; cout<<“3.Front Element of Forward List”<<endl; cout<<“4.Resize Forward List”<<endl; cout<<“5.Remove Elements with Specific Values”<<endl; cout<<“6.Remove Duplicate Values”<<endl; cout<<“7.Reverse the order of elements”<<endl; cout<<“8.Display Forward List”<<endl; cout<<“9.Exit”<<endl; cout<<“Enter your Choice: “; switch(c) { case 1: cout<<“Enter value to be inserted at the front: “; fl.push_front(n); break; case 2: n = fl.front(); fl.pop_front(); cout<<“Element “<<n<<” deleted”<<endl; break; case 3: cout<<“Front Element of the Forward List: “; cout<<fl.front()<<endl; break; case 4: cout<<“Enter new size of Forward List: “; if (n <= fl.max_size()) fl.resize(n); else fl.resize(n, 0); break; case 5: cout<<“Enter element to be deleted: “; fl.remove(n); break; case 6: fl.unique(); cout<<“Duplicate Items Deleted”<<endl; break; case 7: fl.reverse(); cout<<“Forward List reversed”<<endl; break; case 8: cout<<“Elements of Forward List: “; for (it = fl.begin(); it != fl.end(); it++) cout<<*it<<” “; cout<<endl; break; case 9: exit(1); break; default: cout<<“Wrong Choice”<<endl; } } return 0; }

Output 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 1 Enter value to be inserted at the front: 1 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 1 Enter value to be inserted at the front: 2 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 1 Enter value to be inserted at the front: 3 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 3 Front Element of the Forward List: 3 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 4 Enter new size of Forward List: 6 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 1 Enter value to be inserted at the front: 1 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 5 Enter element to be deleted: 1 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 8 Elements of Forward List: 3 2 0 0 0 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 1 Enter value to be inserted at the front: 4 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 1 Enter value to be inserted at the front: 5 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 1 Enter value to be inserted at the front: 8 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 8 Elements of Forward List: 8 5 4 3 2 0 0 0 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 47 Wrong Choice 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 7 Forward List reversed 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 8 Elements of Forward List: 0 0 0 2 3 4 5 8 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 4 Enter new size of Forward List: 4 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 8 Elements of Forward List: 0 0 0 2 1.Insert Element at the Front 2.Delete Element at the Front 3.Front Element of Forward List 4.Resize Forward List 5.Remove Elements with Specific Values 6.Remove Duplicate Values 7.Reverse the order of elements 8.Display Forward List 9.Exit Enter your Choice: 9 Exit code: 1

List Of The Filters Available In Angularjs With Examples

Introduction to AngularJS Filters

The filter is used to filter the elements. In other words filter in angular js is used to filter the element and object and returned the filtered items. Basically filter selects a subset from the array from the original array.

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Syntax:

comparator: This property is used to determining the value, it compares the expected value from the filtered expression and the actual value from the object array.

anyPropertyKey: This is a special property that is used to match the value against the given property. it has a default value as $.

arrayexpression: It takes the array on which we applied the filter.

expression: It is used to select the items from the array after the filter conditions are met.

Example of AngularJS Filters

Output:

List of the Filters available in AngularJS

Angular js provide many built-in filters which are listed below.

uppercase: This filter is used to format the string to upper case.

lowercase: This filter is used to format the string to lowercase.

currency: This filter is used to format a number to the current format.

orderBy: This filter is used to filter or order an array by an expression.

limitTo: This filter is used to limit the string/array into a specified length or number of elements or characters.

json: This filter is used to format the object to a JSON string.

filter: this filter selects the subset of items from an array.

date: This filter is used to format the date to the specified format.

number: This filter is used to format numbers to a string.

Examples to add filters to expression

Let us how to add filters to expression with the help of examples:

Example #1: Uppercase

Code:

angular.module(‘myApp’, []).controller(‘personCtrl’, function($scope) { $scope.firstName = “xyz”, $scope.lastName = “abc” });

Output :

Example #2: Lowercase

Code:

angular.module(‘myApp’, []).controller(‘personCtrl’, function($scope) { $scope.firstName = “XYZ”, $scope.lastName = “ABC” });

Output :

Example #3: currency

Code:

var app = angular.module(‘myApp’, []); app.controller(‘currencyCtrl’, function($scope) { $scope.price = 60; });

Output :

Examples to add filters to directives

Let us see how to add filters to directives with the help of examples:

Example #1: orderBy

angular.module(‘myApp’, []).controller(‘nameandcountryCtrl’, function($scope) { $scope.names = [ {nameEmp:’anil’,countryEmp:’England’}, {nameEmp:’sumit’,countryEmp:’Sweden’}, {nameEmp:’arpita’,countryEmp:’Norway’}, {nameEmp:’pankaj’,countryEmp:’Norway’}, {nameEmp:’joe’,countryEmp:’Denmark’}, {nameEmp:’aman’,countryEmp:’Sweden’}, {nameEmp:’viman’,countryEmp:’Denmark’}, {nameEmp:’manav’,countryEmp:’England’}, {nameEmp:’Kapil’,countryEmp:’Netherland’} ]; $scope.orderByMe = function(x) { $scope.myOrderBy = x; } });

Output :

Example #2: LimtTo

Code:

Output:

Example #3: Json

Code:

Output :

Example #4: date

When we do not specify the date format it takes the default format as ‘MMM d, yyyy’. Here time zone parameter is optional. takes two parameter format and time zone.

Some predefined date format is as follows:

“medium time”: Equivalent to “h:mm:ss a” (2:35:05 AM)

“short date”: Equivalent to “M/d/yy” (5/7/19)

“medium”: Equivalent to “MMM d, y h:mm: ss a”

“long date”: Equivalent to “MMMM d, y” (May 7, 2023)

“short”: Equivalent to “M/d/yy h: mm a”

“short-time”: Equivalent to “h: mm a” (2:35 AM)

“full date”: Equivalent to “EEEE, MMMM d, y” (Tuesday, May 7, 2023)

“medium date”: Equivalent to “MMM d, y” (May 7, 2023)

Code:

Output :

Example #5: number

code:

Output:

Advantages of filters in AngularJs

Filters are used to manipulate our data. They provide faster processing and hence enhance the performance as well. Filters are very robust as well.

Conclusion

We can use filters anywhere in our angular application like a directive, expression, controller, etc. We can also create custom filters according to which property we want to sort our data. It also reduces code and makes it more readable and optimizes and by creating custom filters we can maintain them into separate files.

Samsung Galaxy Tabpro S Review: This Surface Pro Clone Is Drop

The Galaxy TabPro S isn’t a Surface Pro–killer, but it’s an awesome little convertible, even with keyboard drawbacks and a weird screen-dimming behavior.

The Galaxy TabPro S is also one of the thinnest if not the thinnest convertible device we’ve ever seen. Samsung states its official measurement as 6.3mm, but my digital calipers say this convertible is just about 6.5mm. For comparison, the 12.9-inch iPad Pro and Pixel C measure 7mm, and the Surface Pro 4 is a plus-size 8.5mm. All these are, of course, without their respective keyboards.

The good news is you can charge the Galaxy TabPro S using other USB Type C chargers. For instance, I was able to use the chargers for the Pixel C and the Chromebook Pixel, as well as Innergie’s third-party PowerGear USB-C 45.

The Samsung Galaxy TabPro S (right) next to the 13-inch iPad Pro (left). You probably can’t see it, but the TabPro S is thinner by a hair.

More disappointing is that Samsung didn’t include a USB Type A-to-USB Type C dongle in the box. It’s unlikely that most people who buy a Galaxy TabPro S will have the foresight to buy a dongle before there’s a need to install apps or copy programs from a USB thumb drive. HP’s Spectre X2 wins out here, as it’s cheaper, sports an LTE modem, and comes with this vital accessory.

You only get one port on the TabPro S: a reversible USB Type C port for charging and data transfer that supports USB 3.1 10Gbps transfer speeds. (Sorry, Thunderbolt 3 fans—no love this time.) It’s unfortunate there’s just a single port, since it hinders your ability to charge the device when another USB device is plugged in. Sure, you can buy a multi-port dongle, but it’s still a pain in the behind.

Inside the tablet is an Intel Core m3-6Y30 paired with 4GB of LPDDR3/1600 RAM and a 128GB M.2 SATA SSD. These specs may sound lower-end than you’d expect from a competitor to the Surface Pro 4, which offers Core i5 and Core i7 processors and faster storage. However, the Surface Pro 4’s base model is similarly configured, and even when you pit the TabPro S against the SP4’s higher-end options, most people won’t notice a difference in performance during typical, everyday tasks.

The Galaxy TabPro S keyboard cover wraps around both sides, which offers more protection than the Surface Pro 4 or iPad Pro keyboards.

Samsung didn’t officially confirm that this dimming is related to OLED preservation, but I doubt it’s a power-saving issue, as the Galaxy TabPro S dims the screen whether on battery or plugged in. Regardless of the intent behind the feature, it’s annoying and a potential deal breaker for some. Not having control over it (at least not that I could find) is very frustrating.

Samsung has also taken steps to protect the Galaxy TabPro S’s screen, using a far more annoying approach. The screen dims significantly after one minute of inactivity—and you can’t override the feature. The dimming is selective, too. The screen’s brightness faded during my tests of graphics, RAM, and memory performance, but not when I fired up a video in Windows 10’s media player or ran 3DMark. It also didn’t dim when I was actively using a browser window, but when a flash or HTML5 animation is running in the background, it’ll get darker.

OLEDs do have a downside: They can degrade over time. Therefore, some manufacturers attempt to slow this effect in their displays. For example, Dell’s 4K Ultra HD OLED desktop panel has a sensor that switches off the monitor when you’re not sitting in front of it, in order to reduce wear and tear on the diodes.

Sure, if you go by numbers, the TabPro S’s resolution of 2160×1440 might not sound impressive. It’s not 4K Ultra HD, nor does it match the Surface Pro 4’s 2736×1824. But when it comes to OLED, numbers don’t tell the whole story. Overall, the Samsung TabPro S bests the Surface Pro 4’s panel for image quality—it’s just lovely.

How beautiful is it? I’ve always thought the Surface Pro 4 had a nice screen, but when placed side-by-side in a darkened room with the Samsung TabPro S, the SP4’s backlight bleed and grayish blacks were woefully obvious. The OLED screen also gives the TabPro S’s contrast a boost.

This picture doesn’t do it justice, but the black levels and contrast of the Galaxy TabPro S’s OLED display are superb.

That’s not the case with an OLED panel. Each pixel can be turned on and off individually, resulting in deeper black levels and more accurate colors.

Long used in smartphones, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) screens differ from the typical side-lit LED panels found in the majority of laptops and tablets today. Side-lit screens light up the entire display at all times. In order to show black on the screen, the panel has to block the light. As you can imagine, black usually appears more like gray, and any escaping light will create ugly backlight bleed.

Did we mention this machine has an OLED screen? Samsung isn’t the only manufacturer to announce an OLED in a PC—Dell, HP, and Lenovo all showed off laptops with OLEDs at CES in January. But this is the first one we’ve seen in a shipping product ($899 MSRP and available on Amazon ), and it’s a doozy.

Even better, Samsung’s first convertible is a PC. This sleek 12-inch tablet sports Windows 10 Home, and it’s paired with a pretty peppy CPU, too.

If technology were people, Samsung’s Galaxy TabPro S would clearly be a super model: It’s willowy thin, extremely lightweight, and has a jaw-dropping OLED screen.

Many people have described the Galaxy TabPro S as a Surface Pro clone, but that’s not quite right. Instead, it more closely emulates the iPad Pro. Why? I believe that the Surface line’s signature feature is its kickstand, which lets the convertible stand on its own, without the need of a keyboard cover. So HP’s Spectre X2 with its built-in kickstand, for example, is more of a Surface clone in my view.

The TabPro S, on the other hand, is really a beautiful tablet with a clever keyboard case. That case connects using magnets and a set of pins on the bottom side, and when closed, wraps completely around the tablet. (It’s a nice touch for those who don’t like scuff marks on their device.)

When open, the cover props up the tablet at either a 65-degree or, roughly, 165-degree angle. You can’t use the keyboard with the tablet laid flat (180 degrees), as the pins won’t make contact.

Gordon Mah Ung

Both the Samsung Galaxy TabPro S and 12.9-inch iPad Pro feature keyboard covers that act as kickstands. Both lack the adjustable angles of the Surface Pro’s keyboard.

The TabPro S’s keyboard looks similar to the Surface Pro 3’s, in that all the keys sit flush with each other, but in actual use it’s a far different experience. The TabPro S’s keys feel sloppy—they’re very loose and just a little too slow on the return. It’s also a bummer that the keyboard isn’t backlit. That feature used to be a luxury, but now it’s expected on high-end devices. (Heck, even the budget Surface 3’s keyboard cover has backlighting.)

It’s not all bad, though. The trackpad is quite usable, though still not as nice as what you’ll find on the recent keyboard covers for the Surface Pro line. And Samsung has integrated an NFC reader into the keyboard (there’s also one on the back of the tablet). In theory, you can pair a Samsung Galaxy S6 or newer phone with the TabPro S to share the phone’s data connection over Bluetooth or unlock the tablet by using the fingerprint reader on the phone. Unfortunately, I couldn’t test these two features as the app wasn’t ready during our review. Gordon Mah Ung

Although not horrible, one of the more disappointing aspects of the Galaxy TabPro S is its loose-feeling keyboard.

But it still competes with the Surface

Despite the Galaxy TabPro S seeming more like an iPad Pro, there’s still the lingering question of whether it’s the convertible that finally beats the latest in the Surface Pro line.

In terms of hot new tech, it just might—that beautiful OLED screen will leave you giddy. It’s also much cheaper than the Surface Pro 4. At $899 with the keyboard (and sometimes less through retailers like Amazon), the Galaxy TabPro S is surprisingly inexpensive when you consider the screen technology inside. A Surface Pro 4 with similar specs and a keyboard will set you back $1,029.

However, the TabPro S loses to the Surface Pro 4 in the areas that likely matter more. For those who need performance, the higher-end Surface Pro 4 models are just plain faster. The integrated USB Type A port and almost infinitely adjustable angle on the kickstand also give the Surface Pro 4 a leg up. Microsoft also includes a pen with the Surface Pro 4, while Samsung hasn’t priced its pen, much less made it available. And of course, you can completely control the screen brightness on a Surface Pro 4.

Gordon Mah Ung

The Galaxy TabPro S features two available viewing angles.

Performance

For a fanless, wafer-thin PC, the Galaxy TabPro S posts very reasonable performance in the kinds of tasks it will confront.

In our Handbrake encode test, where we take a 30GB 1080p MKV file and transcode it into an MP4 using the default Android Tablet preset, the TabPro S outdid the Surface Pro 3, which is thicker and has a fan. This benchmark hammers all the available cores on the computer, and because it can take a long time to run, the test puts a heavy thermal load on a device’s CPU.

The Core m3 in the Galaxy TabPro S performs reasonably well despite the device’s super-thin body.

Some devices react to this intensive CPU and thermal task by throttling down performance, which is what I’ve seen in the Surface Pro 3—its Haswell processor drops back as it heats up. Some SP3 owners say their units don’t do that, but I think that’s because they’re not pushing their systems as hard. That’s not to say the Galaxy TabPro S doesn’t slow down or throttle as it heats up, but it’s on a minor level.

In graphics performance, there’s not much of a gap between the TabPro S and most midrange Core i5 chips and even a few Core i7 processors, which use nearly the same graphics core. I attribute variances among the midrange Surface Pro models, the TabPro S, and the Spectre X2 to any number of minor reasons. For example, a small margin of variance always exists between benchmark runs, and then there are things like background static or even the temperature of the room when the benchmark was run.

3DMark Sky Diver is mostly influenced by the GPU in each tablet, so the Core i5 chips don’t maintain much of a lead as they use similar graphics cores.

The bottom line is that with integrated graphics, the TabPro S can play Minecraft with a few settings turned down, but forget trying to play Tom Clancy’s The Division.

Since these ultraportable convertibles won’t primarily be used for video editing or gaming, the more important test is office work. To evaluate a device’s performance during tasks like word processing, email, and web browsing, we use PCMark 8’s Work Conventional benchmark.

As expected, the results confirm that with enough RAM and an adequate SSD behind them, it’s hard to tell the difference between Core m and Core i7 processors in these types of tasks. I can tell the difference when I drop to a more budget chip, like an Atom X7, but within the range of “Core” tablets and laptops, you’ll get a similar experience in most office tasks.

In office tasks, you’d be hard pressed to tell the difference between a Core m3 and Core i5 chip.

Battery Life

Where the Galaxy TabPro S really knocks our socks off is battery life. (Though there’s a caveat with that.) As mentioned earlier, an OLED panel doesn’t backlight the entire screen—so unlike a standard LED display, a pixel won’t consume power when displaying black. That means lower power consumption, and thus a much better battery life. When paired with an average-sized battery, you’ll get much more longevity out of a device that uses an OLED screen instead of an LED display.

That’s definitely the case for the Galaxy TabPro S, which uses a 39-watt-hour battery. In our rundown test, in which we play a 4K video repeatedly using Windows 10’s Movies & TV application, the TabPro S gave us almost nine hours of playback.

The video playback life of the Samsung Galaxy TabPro S is spectactacular considering its battery size.

For contrast, Microsoft’s Surface Pro 4, which has a traditional IPS screen (and, admittedly, a more power-hungry Core i5) runs out of gas at about 6.5 hours. Dell’s newest XPS 13 actually ties the TabPro S, despite its Core i5 chip. But the XPS 13 does so with a giant 57-watt-hour battery. For the TabPro S to match the Dell’s battery-life performance is just phenomenal.

Admittedly, our test illustrates battery life in a scenario where there’s a good amount of black on the screen, since with most movies, you have two black bars at the top and bottom of the panel that don’t drain energy due to the TabPro S’s OLED screen. However, if you were using the machine for tasks where the screen is almost all white, you’d consume far more power, maybe even more than a standard IPS panel.

So depending on how you use the TabPro S between charges, your battery-life mileage may vary. As more OLED displays appear in the wild, we reviewers may begin using more than one battery test. For the moment, I can definitely say that OLED kicks butt for movie runtime.

Conclusion

In the end, the Galaxy TabPro S isn’t the Surface Pro–killer some may expect it to be…but it’s an awesome little convertible, even with the keyboard’s drawbacks and the curious screen-dimming behavior. If you can look past its foibles, that OLED panel alone makes this a worthy purchase. Gordon Mah Ung

It isn’t perfect, but the Galaxy TabPro S is one heck of an impressive tablet.

How To Generate All Combinations Of A List In Python

Working with lists is a common task in Python. Sometimes, you may want to generate all possible combinations of the items in a given list together, which is useful for solving combinatorial problems, creating permutations for machine learning algorithms, or simply exploring different arrangements of data.

In this article, we’ll explore how to use Python’s itertools module and other techniques to generate all possible combinations of a list efficiently. By understanding these methods, you can apply them to various scenarios and improve your problem-solving skills.

Let’s get into it!

Before we look at the Python code for generating combinations, let’s quickly refresh what a combination is in Python.

Combinations are a way to represent all possible selections of elements from a set or list without regard to the order of these elements.

an iterable (e.g. a list or set)

an integer r, representing the number of elements to select from the iterable.

It returns an iterator that produces all possible r-length combinations of elements from the input iterable above.

For instance:

import itertools # Define a list of numbers my_list = [1, 2, 3] # Generate all possible two-element combinations # Convert the resulting iterator to a list # Print the list of combinations to the console print(combinations) #Output: [(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)]

This Python code is creating all possible two-element combinations of the values in my_list ([1, 2, 3]) using the combinations function from the itertools module.

The resulting combinations are converted into unique elements in a list and printed to the console.

To learn more about functions in Python, check the following video out:

The Python programming language offers a powerful, built-in library called itertools. The itertools module is useful for tasks such as generating combinations, permutations, and Cartesian products of iterable elements.

The itertools module provides a combinations function that allows you to generate all possible combinations of unique values of a list’s elements.

The following syntax is used for the function:

from itertools import combinations

In this syntax, the iterable parameter represents the list you want to generate possible combinations for, and r is the length of the individual combinations.

The returned object is an iterator, so you can convert it into a list using the list() function.

# Import itertools module from itertools import combinations # Define a list of five characters my_chars = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] # The result is converted to a list # Print the list of combinations print(combinations)

The output will be:

[('a', 'b', 'c'), ('a', 'b', 'd'), ('a', 'b', 'e'), ('a', 'c', 'd'), ('a', 'c', 'e'), ('a', 'd', 'e'), ('b', 'c', 'd'), ('b', 'c', 'e'), ('b', 'd', 'e'), ('c', 'd', 'e')]

In some cases, you may want to generate combinations allowing repeated elements.

This can be achieved using another function called combinations_with_replacement.

You can use the following syntax for combination with replacement function:

from itertools import combinations from itertools import combinations # Define a list of three numbers lst = [1, 2, 3] # Use the combinations_with_replacement function from itertools to generate all 2-element combinations of lst # Convert the resulting iterable to a list and assign it to combs print(combs) # Output: [(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3)]

This code will output all possible combinations of a list, with replacement meaning that the same number can appear more than once in a combination.

For example, it’ll include both (1, 2) and (1, 1) in the output.

The itertools module offers a robust way to generate possible combinations of iterable elements.

In this section, we’ll explore different ways to generate all possible combinations of a list in Python.

We’ll primarily focus on two approaches:

Using for-loops

Creating a powerset combinations function

You can generate combinations by utilizing for-loops.

The idea is to iterate through the elements of the list and, for each element, append it to all possible subsets found so far.

The following is an example of using for loops to generate combinations:

# Define the list from which we want to generate combinations lst = ['a', 'b', 'c'] # Initialize a list with an empty subset, representing the start of our combinations combinations = [[]] # This loop structure is similar to the "combinations def powerset" concept, iterating through each element for element in lst: # For each existing combination, create a new combination that includes the current element for sub_set in combinations.copy(): new_sub_set = sub_set + [element] # Append the new combination to our list of combinations combinations.append(new_sub_set) # Print all combinations for combination in combinations: print(combination)

This code will output all the combinations of the elements in the list, including both the empty set and the entire set.

You can also generate all possible combinations of a list by creating a powerset function.

A powerset is the set of all subsets of a set. The length of the powerset would be 2^n, where n is the number of elements in the list.

You can use the binary representation of numbers from 0 to 2^n-1 as a template to form the combinations.

The following is a Python implementation of the powerset function for generating possible combinations of a list:

def combinations(original_list): # The number of subsets is 2^n num_subsets = 2 ** len(original_list) # Create an empty list to hold all the subsets subsets = [] # Iterate over all possible subsets for subset_index in range(num_subsets): # Create an empty list to hold the current subset subset = [] # Iterate over all elements in the original list for index in range(len(original_list)): # Check if index bit is set in subset_index if (subset_index & (1 << index)) != 0: # If the bit is set, add the element at this index to the current subset subset.append(original_list[index]) # Add the current subset to the list of all subsets subsets.append(subset) return subsets # Using the function to print generated combinations lst = ['a', 'b', 'c'] print(combinations(lst))

In this function, each element of the list has a position that corresponds to the bits in the numbers from 0 to 2^n – 1.

If a bit in the number is set, that means the corresponding element is included in the subset.

The function uses the bitwise AND operator (&) and bitwise shift operator (<<) to check if a bit is set in each number.

If the bit is set, it adds the corresponding element to the subset. It does this for all bits in all numbers from 0 to 2^n – 1, generating all possible combinations.

Specifically, we’ll look at the following:

Chaining Iterables with the Chain Function

Creating and Using Custom Itertools Functions

The itertools module in Python offers a variety of functions to manipulate iterables, one of which is the chainfunction.

This function allows you to combine all the elements into a single iterable.

It is perfect for use with functions that generate all possible combinations of a list such as combinations_with_replacement.

For instance, you have a list of numbers and want to create all possible combinations of those elements with replacements.

This is how you can do that:

import itertools lst = [1, 2, 3] # Output: [(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3)]

Now, suppose you have two lists and want to generate all possible combinations without replacement using the chain function:

from itertools import chain list1 = [1, 2, 3] list2 = [4, 5, 6] # Using the chain function to combine unique elements of list combined_list = list(itertools.chain(list1, list2)) # Generating all combinations of a list without replacement # This will create all possible combinations of two elements from the combined list

The itertools.chain() function will combine list1 and list2 into a single list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].

The output will be:

[(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6)]

In some cases, you may need to create your own custom itertools functions to handle specific tasks.

This allows you to tailor your implementation to specific requirements, giving you more control over the process.

For instance, let’s create a custom itertools function that takes two lists and generates possible combinations of their elements.

The result doesn’t include possible combinations formed by elements from the same list:

import itertools def cross_combinations(list1, list2): # The function takes two lists as inputs and generates combinations of their elements # The result doesn't include combinations formed by elements from the same list # Using itertools.product to get all combinations of elements between the two lists return list(itertools.product(list1, list2)) # Test the function list1 = [1, 2, 3] list2 = [4, 5, 6] print(cross_combinations(list1, list2))

In this example, we use itertools.product, which returns the Cartesian product of input iterables.

It’s equivalent to nested for-loops.

For example, product(A, B) returns the same as ((x,y) for x in A for y in B).

The output of the function for these inputs will yield tuple values, where each tuple contains one element from input list 1 and one element from list2.

There will be no tuples containing two elements from the same original list.

The final list is given below:

[(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)]

As you can see, creating custom itertools functions, combined with powerful built-in functions like product, can help you solve complex problems when generating possible combinations from lists or other iterables.

Understanding how to generate all combinations of a list in Python adds a powerful tool to your programming toolbox. It lets you solve complex problems with simplicity and elegance.

This skill is crucial across many fields.

In data analysis, generating combinations helps you explore possible scenarios or outcomes.

In machine learning, it helps in parameter tuning for model optimization. Even in game development, it’s useful for simulating different game states.

Moreover, learning about combinations in Python improves your grasp of iterative operations and helps you write more efficient code. It encourages you to think algorithmically, which is an essential part of problem-solving in programming.

What’s the best way to jumble up your list depends on what you’re working with and what you’re comfy with. Just remember, Python’s got your back with a tool for every job, so play around, find what works for you, and most importantly, have fun coding!

How To: Iptables List Rules

If you are working with Linux systems, then you are likely aware of iptables, a powerful tool for managing network traffic. iptables is a command-line utility that allows you to configure and manage firewall rules on your Linux system. In this article, we will explore iptables list rules, a command that allows you to view the current rules configured on your system.

What are iptables?

iptables is a firewall utility that allows you to configure rules to filter network traffic. It is a powerful tool that provides a great deal of control over network traffic, allowing you to block or allow traffic based on various criteria. iptables operates by creating a set of rules that are used to filter network traffic as it passes through your system. Each rule specifies a set of conditions that must be met for the traffic to be allowed or blocked.

iptables List Rules

iptables list rules is a command that allows you to view the current rules configured on your system. This can be useful for troubleshooting network issues or verifying that your firewall rules are working as expected. To use the iptables list rules command, simply enter the following command in your terminal:

sudo iptables -L

This will display a list of all the rules currently configured on your system. By default, the iptables list rules command displays the rules in a human-readable format, which can be useful for quickly understanding the rules that are in place.

iptables List Rules Output

The output of the iptables list rules command is divided into several sections, each of which provides information about a specific aspect of the firewall rules. The first section displays the default policy for each chain in the firewall. This section is followed by a list of the rules configured for each chain.

Each rule is displayed as a separate line, and includes information about the chain it applies to, the target of the rule (i.e. what action to take if the rule is matched), and the criteria that must be met for the rule to be applied. The criteria can include various elements such as source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, and protocols.

iptables List Rules Options

The iptables list rules command provides several options that can be used to customize the output. These options include:

-v: Displays more detailed information about each rule, including the number of packets and bytes that have matched the rule.

-n: Displays the output in numeric form, rather than resolving IP addresses and port numbers to their corresponding names.

-x: Displays the number of bytes that have matched each rule, in addition to the number of packets that have matched.

Conclusion

In this article, we have explored iptables list rules, a command that allows you to view the current rules configured on your system. We have learned that iptables is a powerful tool for managing network traffic, and that it operates by creating a set of rules that are used to filter network traffic as it passes through your system. We have also seen that the iptables list rules command provides a great deal of information about the firewall rules in place, and that it can be customized to provide even more detailed information.

By understanding iptables list rules, you can gain a better understanding of how your Linux system is configured to handle network traffic. This can be useful for troubleshooting network issues, securing your system against potential threats, and ensuring that your firewall rules are working as expected.

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