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As we know JavaScript is a lightweight programming language in which generators were introduced in ECMAScript 2023. A generator is a process that has many output values and may be stopped and started. In JavaScript, a generator is made up of a generator function that produces an iterable Generator object.

In this article, we are going to discuss the generators in JavaScript and also the different types of generators in JavaScript with syntax and examples in detail.

Introduction to Generators in JavaScript

The generator’s function is as same as the regular function but there is a bit of difference in that the generator function can be resumed and paused. In JavaScript generally, functions are not stope when once they are invoked. Usually, the concept of generators is seen in asynchronous programming.

Syntax of Generator function in JavaScript

Now we will be going to discuss the syntax of the generator function in the JavaScript and also compare it with the regular function.

The function * syntax is used to build generator functions, and the yield keyword is used to pause them.

function * genFunc() { yield 'Hello'; yield 'World'; } const g = genFunc(); g.next(); g.next(); g.next(); …

When a generator function is first called, none of its code is run, Instead, a generator object is returned. Values are consumed by invoking the next() method of the generator, which runs code until it comes across the yield keyword, at which point it pauses and waits until the next() is invoked once more.

In the above code, after our final statement, continually calling g.next() will only produce the same return object: {value: undefined, done: true} because we have not defined anything after the ‘world’ in our genFunc() function.

The yield keyword pauses the generator function’s execution and gives the caller of the generator the value of the expression that follows it. It is comparable to the generator-based version of the return keyword. It can only be directly called from the generator function that contains yield.

Comparison with regular function function regFunc() { console.log("Hello World"); }

In the regular function, we do not use the ‘*’ function as you can see above example it also does not use the yield function. As we discussed above that the main difference between the regular function and the generator function is that the generator function can be stopped and paused. So by the above example, you can see that we don’t have the choice to stop it and directly print the whole statement together i.e “Hello world”.

As we have seen the basic of the generator functions, now let’s move to the different types of generator functions −

Normal Generator

In a normal generator, the generator works as the iterator that generates the next value after every next() method call is executed to generate a function. Let’s see an example, where we are going to yield the numbers one by one until the list ends.

function* generator_function(){ for(var cur = 0 ; cur<7; cur++){ yield cur; } } var object_generator = generator_function(); console.log(object_generator.next().value); console.log(object_generator.next().value); console.log(object_generator.next().value); console.log(object_generator.next().value); console.log(object_generator.next().value); console.log(object_generator.next().value); console.log(object_generator.next().value);

In the above code, we have created a normal general function with the yield keyword present in it and used the next() function to call it several times.

Generator with Parameters

The generator with parameters is a bit different from the normal generators and this time we have to pass a parameter with the next() function to send it to the generator function. Also every time we pass a parameter it kind of stores after the yield keyword, not before that, we will understand this concept in the upcoming example −

function* generator_function(){ console.log("start of the function") temp = yield; console.log("This is the first value passed: " + temp) temp = yield; console.log("This is the second value passed: " + temp) } var object_generator = generator_function(); object_generator.next("This is not the first "); object_generator.next("this is first"); object_generator.next("this is second"); object_generator.next();

In the above code, we have defined the generator function, and this time we are passing the parameters to it. When we first called the object the given parameter is not printed because that is for sending before the ‘yield’ keyword, then after the sent values are stored in the variables and printed and after the second printed value there will nothing happens because there is no yield present.

Generator with Object Property

Generators can be used as objects and when we will call them they will simply return the value that is assigned to them and that can be printed. To understand this concept let’s see an example.

function* generator_function(){ yield "First value" yield "Second value" yield "Third value" } var object_generator = generator_function(); console.log(object_generator.next().value); console.log(object_generator.next().value); console.log(object_generator.next().value);

In the above code, first, we have defined three yield expressions with a string present after them and when we have called the generator then the string present after them will be returned.

There are other types of generators also present like with return type and some contain another generator inside of them, etc.

Conclusion

In the article, we have learned that the generator’s function is as same as the regular function but there is a bit of difference in that the generator function can be resumed and paused. In JavaScript generally, functions are not stope when once they are invoked. Usually, the concept of generators is seen in asynchronous programming. There are various types of generators like a normal generator, with parameters, objects like property, generator contains another generator, etc.

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Different Online Hashtag Generators For Youtube

For their position in search results, right-wing hashtags are vital. Hashtags, like metadata, provide crucial information about your video to YouTube, Google, and anybody who views it. They contain the video’s category, topic, and so on. The chance of the audience discovering and viewing your video will be enhanced if you add the appropriate hashtags.

Finding the appropriate hashtags for your YouTube video is a challenge. So, you will want to use a YouTube hashtag generator to get there.

We have compiled a list of some of the best YouTube hashtag generators we could find in this article, based on our research. To assist you in choosing between them, we have also included essential facts.

What are YouTube Hashtags?

Hashtags on YouTube are designed to group linked videos around subjects or themes, like hashtags are used on other social media platforms. There are 2 ways to add Hashtags to your videos −

Video description

Video title

Hashtags may also be added to the video title itself, which will take precedence over any hashtags you add to the description.

What does the YouTube Hashtag Generator do?

The Hashtag Generator on YouTube suggests hashtags based on your beginning keyword. The most popular trending YouTube videos related to your keyword are indexed using sophisticated analytics, and nearby hashtags are predicted based on what people are looking for. The discoverability of your video may subsequently be enhanced using these hashtags.

What are the best YouTube tag generator available

Here are some of the best YouTube tag generators

Tune pocket

The best tags for your videos can be found using Tune Pocket, a free tool. They come with a range of services and resources that can help increase the SEO of your videos. It is available via its website. The YouTube tag generator, on the other hand, is available for free but has certain limitations. The main features are −

Copy on Clipboard

User-friendly interface

Easy to use

24*7 customer support

How to use Tune pocket Go to the Tubeast’s tags generator.

Enter video ideas or keywords in the bar.

Hashtags are generated, add sign # in starting and use.

TubeRanker

With TubeRanker, you can get a better YouTube ranking in one place. Tag generator, ranking monitor, title generator, and other tools are available. There are two versions available − a free and a paid version. This YouTube tag generator is available for free, but you will have to pay to use all its features. The main features are

Rank tracking

Description generator

Title generator

Keyword tool

Easy to use

How to Use TubeRanker −

Enter video ideas or keywords in the bar.

The list of hashtag is generated.

You can also select your preferable hashtags and copy them.

Kparser

Kparser is a superb SEO tool as well as one of the most popular YouTube tag generators. You can also get new ideas with it, in addition to generating relevant video tags. For your video, you may also produce SEO-friendly keywords, descriptions, and titles. The main features are −

YouTube and Google SEO tools.

Find trending keywords

Negative keyword tool

Country-specific tags

Customized tags

How to use Kparser −

Enter letters and keywords separated with a comma. Select the country you want the tags to target. Pick a

The searching is carried on.

The list of hashtags is been generated.

Rapidtags

One of the most efficient and simple tools in our research has been Rapidtags. You can also generate tags for TikToks, in addition to YouTube. Rapidtags is constantly improving, which was something that drew us in. Users are rewarded for contributing to the success of private beta versions by joining them. The main features are −

AI-powered suggestions.

Automated video experiments.

Direct application of instant suggestion.

TikTok Tags.

Simple and minimalistic user interface.

How to use Rapidtags

Enter keywords in the bar.

The topic is entered.

The list of hashtags is generated.

Keyword Tool

It also helps to find keyword hashtags for the videos. It generates long tail keywords for YouTube. The main features are −

Get hashtags in different language.

Easy copy and paste

Export keywords to Excel and CSV file formats.

How to use Keyword Tool

Enter the keyword in search bar

The list is generated.

Why are YouTube Hashtags important and do they work?

YouTube Hashtags aid the discoverability of your videos. Since YouTube is primarily a video search engine, it uses many ranking signals to determine the position of videos on the search result page. Hashtags are one of these ranking signals so using them together with other signals like the video title and description will help your video SEO efforts. Hashtags help provide context to YouTube about your video.

Conclusion

Based on the information you provide; hashtag generators can create hashtags. Search engines may find relevant posts using hashtags. Your social media posts will get more engagement if you use hashtags generated by these tools. As a result, increase engagement by using hashtags.

Different Alternatives Of Ccleaner In Detail

Introduction to CCleaner

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List of CCleaner Alternative

Given below is the list of CCleaner Alternatives:

1. Ashampoo WinOptimizer

It’s a highly customizable Windows cleaner and accelerator from Ashampoo. Your PC will be faster, more efficient, and safer with this software’s 23 modules. There is also a network optimizer, which allows for better network settings. The automatic section is my favorite. Auto Clean, Game Booster, and Live Tuner are all included. While working, Auto Clean consumes very little RAM. Using Live Tuner, you can speed up all of your heavy applications. This program has always provided me with a slight boost in computing power while playing a game that requires lots of processing power. Background services and programs that are not related to gaming can be disabled.

2. Advanced SystemCare

One of the most powerful optimization programs for Windows, Advanced System Care, is available. It has artificial intelligence (AI) and creates a personalized plan for your computer. Learns from your optimization habits and PC performance as you use it. This program can clean up all kinds of junk files, private information, and internet speed, making your PC faster and cleaner.

3. CleanMyPC 4. Wisecleaner

Using an easy PC optimizer, you can safely remove unusable files and increase your computer’s performance. It also provides various custom selection options that allow you to eliminate files that are no longer needed. The program removes your computer’s internet history and other traces, preserving your privacy. Rearranging and defragmenting files on your hard drive will improve computer performance.

5. AVG TuneUp

AVGIntuneUp is an AVG system optimization tool. It is most commonly used to clean up discs, increase computing performance, and speed up the startup process of a computer system. It keeps your computer running smoothly and automatically cleans your registry. As a result, computers running AVG TuneUp have very few junk programs or bloatware installed.

6. KCleaner

KCleaner was designed to be the most effective solid-state drive cleaner or hard drive available today. To provide you with all the resources you may need for documents, songs, pics, and cinema, it tracks and eliminates every useless byte. You don’t have to open KCleaner whenever you want to clean your computer because it runs in the background, and you don’t have to be concerned about it.

7. Jv16 8. Winutilities Pro

Use WinUtilities Pro, a system utility software that’s easy to use. Your computer’s performance will be improved using one of the best alternatives to CCleaner available today. Information that slows down your system is removed from discs. All traces of activity on your PC are erased with this software. Executable files can be password protected. It makes managing the memory of Windows easier.

9. Glary Utilities

Glary Utilities provide system maintenance, repair, and protection. The program includes a registry cleaner, disk cleanup, spyware detection, memory optimization, etc. Provides a comprehensive and authoritative PC cleaning utility. Fixes crash and errors that can be frustrating. Optionally, you can automate it and make it secure. Make your PC perform at its best. Glary utilities provide an intuitive and easy-to-use interface.

10. Avira Recommended Articles

We hope that this EDUCBA information on “CCleaner Alternative” was beneficial to you. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.

Comparison Of Different Sql Clauses

This article was published as a part of the Data Science Blogathon.

Introduction to SQL Clauses

SQL clauses like HAVING and WHERE both serve to filter data based on a set of conditions. The difference between the functionality of HAVING and WHERE as SQL clauses are generally asked for in SQL interview questions. In this article, we will explain the functionalities and differences between the HAVING and WHERE clauses using an example.

HAVING Clause

SQL HAVING clause fetches the necessary records from the aggregated rows or groups on the basis of the given condition. It is generally used along with the GROUP BY clause and applies to the column operations. It operates on the aggregate functions such as ‘SUM’, ‘COUNT’, ‘MAX’, ‘MIN’, or ‘AVG’. We can use the HAVING clause only with SELECT statements. It cannot be used with UPDATE or DELETE statements. The syntax is as follows:

Syntax of the HAVING Clause with the SELECT statement:

FROM Table_Name

WHERE condition

GROUP BY column_1, column_N

HAVING condition

ORDER BY column_1, column_2, column_N;

WHERE Clause

SQL WHERE clause fetches the necessary records from a single table or multiple tables that meet the given condition. The WHERE clause can function without the GROUP BY clause and can perform row operations. It is used with single row functions like character functions, general functions, case conversion functions, date functions, or number functions. We can use the WHERE clause with any SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE statement. The syntax is as follows:

a) Syntax of the WHERE Clause with the SELECT statement:

SELECT column_1, column_2, column_3, column_N

FROM Table_Name

WHERE condition;

b) Syntax of WHERE Clause with the UPDATE statement:

UPDATE Table_Name

SET column_1=value_1, column_2=value_2, column_3=value_3, column_N=value_N

WHERE condition;

c) Syntax of WHERE Clause with the DELETE statement:

DELETE FROM Table_Name WHERE condition;

Examples of HAVING and WHERE Clause Functionality

In the following example, we will demonstrate the functionality of the HAVING and WHERE clause:

Let’s start by creating a database called Student:

Use the Student database:

Let’s create the Student_Score table with Student_ID as the primary key:

Student_ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,

Student_Name varchar(20),

Gender varchar(20),

Math_Score INT,

Bio_Score INT);

Insert the values into the Employee_detail table, then use the SELECT command to view the contents:

VALUES(1001, ‘Tom Ford’, ‘Male’, 68, 90),

(1002, ‘Ananya Verma’, ‘Female’, 97, 86),

(1003, ‘Eva Jackson’, ‘Female’, 86, 72),

(1004, ‘John Smith’, ‘Male’, 65, 91),

(1005, ‘Tanvi Sharma’, ‘Female’, 89, 63),

(1006, ‘Lilly Mathew’, ‘Female’, 74, 82);

HAVING clause with SELECT statement:

Our goal is to find out the average Math_Score of students who are gender grouped and have an average Math_Score greater than 60 and arranged in descending order.

FROM Student_Score

GROUP BY Gender

ORDER BY AVG(Math_Score) DESC;

WHERE clause with SELECT statement:

FROM Student_Score

WHERE clause with an UPDATE statement:

For the student with Student_ID 1004, we want to update the Math_Score column to 65 and the Bio_Score column to 95.

SET Math_Score=70, Bio_Score=95

WHERE Student_ID=1004;

We can use the SELECT statement to view the updated Student_Score table:

WHERE clause with DELETE statement:

WHERE Gender=’Male’;

We can use the SELECT statement to view the filtered record:

Difference Between HAVING and WHERE Clause

HAVING WHERE

1. to fetch necessary records from the aggregated rows or groups on the basis of the specified condition. WHERE clause enables you to fetch necessary records from the table on the basis of the specified condition.

2. HAVING clause should be used along with the GROUP BY clause and is used after the GROUP BY clause. It is possible for the WHERE clause to function without the GROUP BY clause and with the GROUP BY Clause, it’s been used before the GROUP BY Clause.

3. HAVING Clause applies to the column operations. WHERE Clause applies to the row operations.

4. Aggregate functions can be used in the HAVING Clause Aggregate functions cannot be used in the WHERE Clause

5. HAVING Clause is also known as a post-filter since it selects rows after aggregate calculations have been carried out. conducted.

6. HAVING Clause can only be used with ‘SELECT’ statements, but not with ‘UPDATE’ or ‘DELETE’ statements. WHERE Clause can be used with the ‘SELECT’, ‘UPDATE’, and ‘DELETE’ statements.

7. HAVING clause can be used with multiple row functions, such as ‘SUM’, ‘COUNT’, ‘MAX’, ‘MIN’, or ‘AVG’.

WHERE Clause can be used with a single row function such as character, general, case conversion, date, or number functions such as UPPER, LOWER, REPLACE, etc.

Conclusion

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Learn The Different Methods Of Junit Assert

Introduction to JUnit assertEquals

JUnit assertEquals is one of the methods in the JUnit Library to verify the equality of two objects. For example, one of the objects may be the program output, and the other may be externally supplied to the code. The intention of the verification is to ensure that the program works as per the desired manner during the test and take action if it is not so.

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JUnit is a very powerful testing tool, in an open-source format, used for testing small as well as large blocks of code, and it has a huge collection of libraries to make testing easy and vibrant. assertEquals is one such library, and there are many more libraries under the assert family, and in this article, we will analyze them.

JUnit Assert Equals Class

The earlier version of JUnit, i.e., JUnit 3, had two different classes: the main class junit.framework.Testcase and an inherited class junit.framework.Assert. All the assert methods are called through the junit.framework.Assert class.

From JUnit version 4 onwards, Annotations were used to mark the tests, and there was no need to extend Testcase class which means that the assert methods are not directly available, but these methods could be imported in static mode from the new Assert class, and that is the reason all such methods under the new class are static methods.

The Assert methods can be imported using the statements

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

Post this import; these static methods can be used without prefix.

JUnit assertEquals Usage

Here the two objects are compared for equality. These objects may have integer, floating-point, and Boolean values. If the values are not equal, then AssertError will be thrown, and if the values are equal, it returns true.

assertEquals(a, b) is the exact code used in the comparison of the objects.

The objects A and B should be of the same data type

Objects A and B will get converted to their wrapper object type

Value in object A will be compared with B.

If values are equal, it will return true; otherwise, it will trigger failure.

JUnit Assert Methods

The class org.junit.Assert class contains the following methods in it, which can be called in to test various conditions.

assertArrayEquals

Method Name Access Specifier Return Type Details

assertArrayEquals – byte[ ] Static void Verifies bytes arrays (a, b) are equal

assertArrayEquals – char[ ] Static void Verifies char arrays (a, b) are equal

assertArrayEquals – double[ ] Static void Verifies double arrays (a, b) are equal

assertArrayEquals – float[ ] Static void Verifies float arrays (a, b) are equal

assertArrayEquals – int[ ] Static void Verifies integer arrays (a, b) are equal

assertArrayEquals – long[ ] Static void Verifies long arrays (a, b) are equal

assertArrayEquals – objects[ ] Static void Verifies object arrays (a, b) are equal

assertArrayEquals – short[ ] Static void Verifies short arrays (a, b) are equal

The exact syntax is

assertArrayEquals ( xxxx, expecteds, xxxx, actuals ) xxxx – Byte, Char, Double, Float, Int, Long, Objects, Short assertArrayEquals ( String, message, xxxx, expecteds, xxxx, actuals) - With message xxxx – Byte, Char, Double, Float, Int, Long, Objects, Short assertEquals

Access Specifier Return Type Method Name /

Detail of the method

static Void assertEquals ( double expected, double actual )

Verifies whether variables (a, b) with floating-point type are equal.

This functionality is not in use. Instead of this, a new function

assertEquals ( double expected, double actual, double epsilon ) is used

static void assertEquals ( double expected, double actual, double delta )

Verifies whether variables (a, b) with floating-point type are equal within a positive delta value

static void assertEquals ( long expected, long actual )

Verifies whether variables (a,b) with long integers type are equal

static void

Verifies whether multiple objects(a, b) are equal. It is not in use. Instead, it is recommended to use assertArrayEquals

static void assertEquals (object expected, object actual )

Verifies whether objects (a, b) are equal.

assertEquals (With Message)

Access Specifier Return Type

Method Name / Detail of the method

static Void assertEquals ( String message, double expected, double actual )

Verifies whether variables (a, b) with floating-point type are equal.

This functionality is not in use. Instead of this, a new function

assertEquals ( String message, double expected, double actual, double epsilon ) is used

static void assertEquals ( String message, double expected, double actual, double delta )

Verifies whether variables (a, b) with floating-point type are equal within a positive delta value

static void assertEquals ( String message, long expected, long actual )

Verifies whether variables (a,b) with long integers type are equal

static void assertEquals ( String message, objects [ ] expected, objects [] actuals )

Verifies whether multiple objects(a, b) are equal. It is not in use. Instead, it is recommended to use assertArrayEquals

static void assertEquals ( String message, object expected, object actual )

Verifies whether objects (a, b) are equal.

Others

Access Specifier Return Type

static void assertFalse (boolean condition)

Verifies whether the given condition is false

static void assertFalse (String message, boolean condition)

Verifies whether the given condition is false (with a message)

static void assertNotNull(String message, Object object)

Verifies whether the given object is not null

static void assertNotsame(String message, Object unexpected Object actual)

Verifies whether the two objects referred are not the same

static void assertNull(String message, Object object)

Verifies whether the given object is null

static void assertsame(String message, Object expected Object actual)

Verifies whether the two objects referred are the same

static void assertTrue (String message, boolean condition)

Verifies whether the given condition is true

Example of assertEquals import org.junit.Test; import static org,junit.Assert.assertEquals; String firstobject = "Jupiter"; String secondobject = "Jupiter"; assertEquals(firstobject , secondobject);

The above code will return true because both the strings have the same value.

Conclusion – JUnit assertEquals

Methods in Assert class, especially assertEquals, facilitate testing of equality conditions and ensure that an error-free product is delivered on time.

Top Examples To Implement Of Javascript Entries()

Introduction to JavaScript entries()

JavaScript is one of the rare object-oriented programming languages which does not include the conventional classes like seen in other languages but has objects and constructors working in a similar way performing a similar set of operations. The constructors here are common Javascript methods and used along with the keyword called “new”. There are two kinds of constructors in Javascript first one is called the built-in constructors (Ex: objects and arrays) and the second one is called the custom constructors (Ex: They describe certain properties and functions for specific objects). Constructors are useful when we have to create an object “type” which is helpful as we can use it any number of times without having to reformulate the object each time and this can be performed using an Object Constructor function.

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Conventionally we give the names of constructors in capital to identify them as compared with other methods.

Consider the below Example:

function Animal(name) { this.name=name; } var animal1 = new Animal ("cat");

When the function “Animal” is called, Javascript does the below two things:

A new object of instance is created called Animal() here is assigned to a variable.

The property “name” of the constructor defined here is set to the function Animal.

Syntax:

array.entries()

Parameter Values: There are no input parameters to this function.

Return Values: Returns a new array iterator object.

Examples to Implement of JavaScript entries()

Below are the examples of JavaScript entries():

Example #1

Code:

const arr = ['one', 'two', 'three']; for (const [i, e] of arr.entries()) console.log(i, e);

Output:

In this example, we are showing basic use of the array entries function. Here i stands for index and e for element. They represent the key-value pairs for the entries function and same can be seen in the output.

Example #2

Code:

var arr = ['one', 'two', 'three']; var iterator = arr.entries(); for (let it of iterator) { console.log(it); }

Output:

In this example we are displaying a simple case on how to use array entries. For this we are first declaring the array who’s name is “arr”. We then call the array entries() function and then create an instance of iterator. We use “for loop” to print the return values of the entries() function.

Example #3

Code:

const array= [ 'example', 'for', 'array']; var iter = array.entries(); console.log(iter.next().value); console.log(iter.next().value); console.log(iter.next().value);

Output:

In this example, we are displaying how to print the output which is pointing to each index belonging to their respective key-value pairs of the array.

Object.entries() Method in JavaScript

Syntax:

Object.entries(obj)

Parameters required: obj here is the object whose [key, value] pairs will be returned.

Return Values: This function object.entries() returns the array which has enumerable key-value pairs of the passed object.

There is also another function called object.values() in Javascript and this returns the array values which are found on the object. Let us consider the below example to understand their difference.

Example #4

Code:

var obj = { 0: '55', 1: 'string', 2: 'false' }; console.log(Object.values(obj)); console.log(Object.entries(obj));

Output:

In this example, we have created an object with its respective key-value pairs called “obj”.

As we can see in the output first line represents the output of the object.values() function which returns the output in the form of key-value pairs of the object whereas the object.entries() function returns only the values and not their key values. Object.entries() are used to list down object-related properties and to list down all their key-value pairs.

Let us take a few examples to understand this function better.

Example #5

Code:

const arr = { 0: 'john', 1: 'adam', 2: 'bill' }; console.log(Object.entries(arr)[1]);

Output:

Example #6

Code:

const arr1 = { 10: 'Tim', 200: 'Fred', 35: 'Morris' }; console.log(Object.entries(arr1));

Output:

In this example, we are creating an object named “arr1” and giving 3 properties having different names as input. Then by using the object.entries() method we are using it to return key-value pairs of the entire object.

Example #7

Code:

const object = { a: 'bar', b: 42 }; const mapping = new Map(Object.entries(object)); console.log(mapping);

Output:

In this example, we will look at how we can convert the object into a map. We create an object having 2 properties first. Then we create a new map constructor with the name “mapping” which accepts entries that are iterable. Hence by using object.entries() function we can easily convert an object to a map.

There are a few exceptions which are caused while using this function and which we need to aware of and they are as follows:

A TypeError is caused when the input passed is not an object.

A RangeError is caused if the passed arguments are not in the expected range of the properties in the key-value pair.

Conclusion

Hence in this article, we have gone through 2 of the major entries function used in Javascript: one being the array.entries() and another is the object.entries(). Object.entries() method is used for returning back an array of the given object in key-value pairs whereas array.entries() function is used to fetch a new array having the key-value pairs for each of the array indexes.