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Ubuntu is one of the most popular Linux-based operating systems used by millions of people around the world. It is known for its ease of use, reliability, and security features. One of the most important features of Ubuntu is its package management system, which allows users to easily install, update, and remove software packages on their system.
One of the most popular ways to install software on Ubuntu is through Personal Package Archives (PPAs). PPAs are repositories that contain software packages that are not available in the official Ubuntu repositories. They are typically maintained by individuals or teams of developers who create and maintain their own packages.
In this article, we will discuss how to add or remove a PPA in Ubuntu using both the graphical user interface (GUI) and the command-line interface (Terminal).
Adding a PPA using GUIThe easiest way to add a PPA in Ubuntu is through the GUI. Here are the steps −
Step 1: Open the Software & Updates Tool Step 2: Go to the Other Software TabOnce you have opened the Software & Updates tool, go to the “Other Software” tab. This tab displays all the third-party repositories that are currently enabled on your system.
Step 4: Enter the Details of the PPAIn the new window, enter the details of the PPA. This includes the PPA’s name, the PPA’s location, and the PPA’s key. You can find this information on the website of the PPA’s maintainer.
Step 6: Close the Software & Updates ToolOnce Ubuntu has finished updating your software sources, close the Software & Updates tool. You can now install software packages from the newly added PPA using the Ubuntu Software Center or the Terminal.
Adding a PPA using TerminalIf you prefer to use the command-line interface, you can also add a PPA using the Terminal. Here are the steps −
Step 1: Open the Terminal Step 2: Add the PPATo add a PPA, enter the following command in the Terminal −
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:PPA-NAMEReplace “PPA-NAME” with the name of the PPA you want to add. For example, if you want to add the PPA for the GIMP image editor, you would enter the following command −
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp Step 3: Update your Software SourcesAfter you have added the PPA, you need to update your software sources. To do this, enter the following command in the Terminal −
sudo apt-get updateThis will download and install the key for the PPA, and then update your software sources.
Removing a PPA using GUIIf you want to remove a PPA from your system, you can do so using the Software & Updates tool. Here are the steps −
Step 1: Open the Software & Updates Tool Step 2: Go to the Other Software TabIn the Software & Updates tool, go to the “Other Software” tab. This tab displays all the third-party repositories that are currently enabled on your system.
Step 3: Select the PPA You Want to Remove Step 5: Close the Software & Updates ToolOnce Ubuntu has finished removing the PPA, close the Software & Updates tool. The PPA will no longer be available on your system.
Removing a PPA Using TerminalIf you prefer to use the Terminal, you can also remove a PPA using the command-line interface. Here are the steps −
Step 1: Open the Terminal Step 2: Remove the PPATo remove a PPA, enter the following command in the Terminal −
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:PPA-NAMEReplace “PPA-NAME” with the name of the PPA you want to remove. For example, if you want to remove the PPA for the GIMP image editor, you would enter the following command −
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp Step 3: Update Your Software SourcesAfter you have removed the PPA, you need to update your software sources. To do this, enter the following command in the Terminal −
sudo apt-get updateThis will remove the PPA from your system and update your software sources.
Benefits of Using PPAs in UbuntuPPAs can offer a number of benefits to Ubuntu users, including −
Access to the latest software − PPAs can provide access to the latest versions of software packages that are not yet available in the official Ubuntu repositories. This can be especially useful for developers who need access to bleeding-edge software for their work.
Increased software selection − PPAs can offer a wider selection of software packages than the official Ubuntu repositories, which can be useful for users who have specific software needs.
Easy installation and updates − Once you have added a PPA to your system, you can easily install and update software packages from that PPA using either the Ubuntu Software Center or the Terminal.
Tips for Using PPAs in UbuntuWhen using PPAs in Ubuntu, it’s important to follow some best practices to ensure that your system remains secure and stable −
Only add PPAs from trusted sources − Before adding a PPA to your system, make sure that it comes from a trusted source. PPAs from untrusted sources can potentially contain malicious software that can compromise your system’s security.
Be selective when adding PPAs − Adding too many PPAs to your system can potentially cause conflicts between packages and make it harder to maintain your system. Be selective when adding PPAs, and only add those that you really need.
Keep your PPAs up-to-date − Just like with the official Ubuntu repositories, it’s important to keep your PPAs up-to-date. Make sure to regularly update your software sources to ensure that you have access to the latest software packages.
ConclusionAdding or removing a PPA in Ubuntu is a simple process that can be done using either the GUI or the Terminal. PPAs can provide access to a wide range of software packages that are not available in the official Ubuntu repositories, making them a powerful tool for Ubuntu users. However, it is important to only add PPAs from trusted sources to avoid any potential security risks. With the steps outlined in this article, you can easily manage PPAs on your Ubuntu system and ensure that you have access to the software you need.
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How To Record Terminal Session In Ubuntu
If you are a frequent terminal user, you may come across situations where you need to debug the code or copy the output of a script for future reference. For such cases, you may want to record the terminal session to obtain the log file of all the input commands you have entered and their outputs. Here is one way that you can use to record terminal session in Ubuntu.
Setting UpOpen a terminal and install bsdutils
sudo
apt-get install
bsdutilsOnce installed, you will be able to use two commands script and scriptreplay to record the existing session and play back the recording.
UsageThe usage is pretty simple. To start the recording, you just need to use the command:
Once you entered the command, you should see the line “Script started...“. Everything that you enter in the Terminal (including its output) will now be recorded.
Once you are done with the recording, simply type exit to end the recording. You should see the line “Script done,...” that denotes the end of recording.
To view the recording, you can either open the saved file (recording.txt) in your text editor or use the command scriptreplay
scriptreplay ~/
timing.txt ~/
recording.txtThat’s it. While it is simple, it can be really useful for debugging, or even troubleshooting your friend’s computer by showing them what you have typed and the expected output they should see in the terminal.
Is this helpful to you? What other uses can you think of?
Image credit: Macro Of Digital Dictaphone by BigStockPhoto
Damien
Damien Oh started writing tech articles since 2007 and has over 10 years of experience in the tech industry. He is proficient in Windows, Linux, Mac, Android and iOS, and worked as a part time WordPress Developer. He is currently the owner and Editor-in-Chief of Make Tech Easier.
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How To Draw A Polygon Using Gui In Java
How to draw a polygon using GUI in Java
Problem DescriptionHow to draw a polygon using GUI?
SolutionFollowing example demonstrates how to draw a polygon by creating Polygon() object. addPoint() & drawPolygon() method is used to draw the Polygon.
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class Main extends JPanel { public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); Polygon p = new Polygon(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) p.addPoint((int) ( 100 + 50 * Math.cos(i * 2 * chúng tôi / 5)),(int) (100 + 50 * Math.sin( i * 2 * chúng tôi / 5))); g.drawPolygon(p); } public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.setTitle("Polygon"); frame.setSize(350, 250); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane(); contentPane.add(new Main()); frame.setVisible(true); } } ResultThe above code sample will produce the following result.
Polygon is displayed in a frame.The following is an another sample example to draw a polygon using GUI.
import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Container; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Polygon; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; public class Panel extends JPanel { public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); Polygon p = new Polygon(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) p.addPoint((int) ( 100 + 50 * Math.cos(i * 2 * chúng tôi / 5)),(int) ( 100 + 50 * Math.sin(i * 2 * chúng tôi / 5))); g.drawPolygon(p); } public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.YELLOW); frame.setTitle("DrawPoly"); frame.setSize(350, 250); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane(); contentPane.add(new Panel()); frame.show(); } }The above code sample will produce the following result.
Polygon is displayed in a frame.java_simple_gui.htm
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How To Solve Equations In Excel Using Solver Add
Microsoft Excel is a great Office application from Microsoft and it does not need any introduction. It helps every one of us, in many ways by making our tasks simpler. In this post we will see how to solve Equations in Excel, using Solver Add-in.
Some day, you might have come across the need to carry out reverse calculations. For example, you might need to calculate the values of two variables that satisfy the given two equations. You will try to figure out the values of variables satisfying the equations. Another example would be – the exact marks needed in the last semester to complete your graduation. So, we have the total marks needed to complete the graduation and the sum of all marks of the previous semesters. We use these inputs and perform some mathematical calculations to figure out the exact marks needed in the last semester. This entire process and calculations can be simple and easily made with the help of Excel using Solver Add-in.
Solve Equations in Excel using Solver Add-inSolver Add-in powerful and useful tool of Excel which performs calculations to give the optimal solutions meeting the specified criteria. So, let us see how to use Solver Add-in for Excel. Solver Add-in is not loaded into excel by default and we need to load it as follows,
Now, Solver Add-in got added to the Excel sheet. Tap on the “Data” tab and on the extreme right, you can see the added Solver Add-in.
How to use Solver Add-inWe added Solver Add-in to Excel and now we will see how to use it. To understand it better, let us take an example of calculating the profit of a product. See the Excel sheet below with some sample data in it. To find the profit %, we use the formula profit %=(( Selling price-Cost price)/Cost price)*100
We can see that there are three products as Product A, Product B and Product C with Cost Price, Selling Price and Profit (%) of respective products. Now, our target is to take the profit (%) of Product A to 20%. We need to find out the Cost Price and Selling Price values of Product A needed to make the profit as 20%. Here, we also have the constraint that Cost Price should be greater than or equal to 16,000 and Selling Price should be less than or equal top 22,000. So, first we need to list down the below information based on the example we took.
Target Cell: B5 (Profit %)
Variable Cells for Product A: B3 (Cost Price) and B4 (Selling Price)
Formula used to calculate profit %: ((Selling price-Cost price)/Cost price)*100
Target Value: 20
Place the formula in the target cell (B5) to calculate the profit %.
This is the required information we need to solve any sort of equation using Solver Add-in in Excel.
STEP 1: Specify the “Target Cell” as B5, “Value of” as the targeted profit % as 20 and specify the cells which need to be changed to meet the required profit %.
In our case, B3 (C.P) and B4 (S.P) need to be specified as $B$3:$B$4 in “By changing variable cells”.
Now, you will see that the latest Cost Price and Selling Price has been changed to 17, 708 and 21, 250 respectively to get the 20% Profit.
This is the way to use Solver Add-in to solve equations in Excel. Explore it and you can get more out of it. Share with us how best you made use of Solver Add-in.
How do you solve an equation using Excel Solver? How do you use Excel Solver add-in?To use the Solver add-in in Excel, you need to install it first. For that, open the Options panel and go to the Add-ins section. Following that, find the Solver add-in and start the installation process. Once done, you will be able to use his-in by following the aforementioned steps.
Random read: How to open a second instance of an application in Windows PC.
Ubuntu Freezing Or Not Starting In Virtualbox
Virtual Machines are like a gateway to enjoying multiple OSs on a single system. A Windows user can enjoy Linux, Mac, and other operating systems. However, a lot of users are complaining that Ubuntu is freezing in Oracle VirtualBox. We are going to resolve this issue with some simple solutions.
Why is Ubuntu on VirtualBox so slow?A very logical reason why Ubuntu runs slow on your system is the lack of resources. If you have a ton of applications running in the background, you can’t be expecting VirtualBox to run smoothly. It needs some resources and when you distribute your CPU, GPU, RAM to other apps as well, VirtualBox is left with scarce resources.
Talking about resources, when you create the VM, you allocate RAMs, CPUs, etc to it. Your VM tries to adjust its performance as per the resources you allocate to it, so, if you feed it fewer resources, it will make sure that it doesn’t crash by dialing down the resources.
There are some other settings that we are going to make to make the app work. If you want a smooth run with Ubuntu, then try the solutions and workarounds mentioned hereinafter. Without wasting any time, let us hop into it.
Ubuntu freezing or not starting in VirtualBoxBefore going to the troubleshooting guide, it is important to update your system. Sometimes, updating alone can resolve the issue, so, do that and if it didn’t work, move to the solutions.
If Ubuntu is freezing in Oracle VirtualBox, check out the following solutions to resolve the issue.
Close other apps or restart
Turn off 3D Acceleration
Allocate more CPUs
Tweak other settings
Update VirtualBox
Reinstall Ubuntu
Let us talk about them in detail.
1] Close other apps or restartThis may not be a solution, but can be called a permanent workaround. Try closing all the apps before starting your VM. If that doesn’t work, restart your system, and see if it work. You are basically closing all the resource-hogging programs and giving utmost importance to the Virtual Machine. Hopefully, it will do the job for you.
2] Turn off 3D Acceleration3D Acceleration has been causing problems to VirtualBox users regardless of the Operating System they are using. It was meant to grant a lot of different features to the mix, but in that process, it makes your VM crawl. So, follow the prescribed steps to turn off 3D Acceleration.
Open Oracle VirtualBox.
Untick Enable 3D Acceleration.
Restart your computer and check if the issue persists.
3] Allocate more CPUsIf you have not allocated more resources to your Virtual Machine, then you can still grant it more processors by going into the settings. This works for most users, as people don’t allocate a lot of resources during setting up the VM. You should follow the given steps to allocate more CPUs.
Open Oracle VirtualBox.
Use the slider to increase the Processor(s).
While you are there, go to the Motherboard tab and increase your Base Memory. Finally, restart your VM and system and check if the issue persists.
4] Tweak other settingsRead: VirtualBox displays Black screen and not Booting guest OS
5] Update VirtualBoxUbuntu or other VM can also crawl on your computer because of a bug. Since you are not an Oracle developer, you can’t change the codes to get rid of the bug. That’s why it is better to check the update for VirtualBox. If you see an update, go ahead and download the package. Then install it and your issue will be resolved.
6] Reinstall UbuntuYour OS can get corrupted, which as a result can make your Ubuntu crawl. So, go to chúng tôi and download the Ubuntu ISO. Then install it on your VirtualBox, allocate it a good amount of resources, and hopefully, it will do the job for you.
Read: How to make VirtualBox VM full screen in Windows 11/10
Why is VirtualBox freezing?VirtualBox usually freezes when it is not getting the perfect environment to run. The environment means an abundant amount of resources such as CPU, RAM, Storage, etc. Usually, we think that we have given everything it needs, but it still requires more. If you have more, give that to the machine and it will respond perfectly, otherwise, it will stutter.
Also Read: How to Install Windows 11 on Oracle VM VirtualBox.
How To Hide Or Remove The Volume Bar In Windows 11
Windows 11 comes with a sleek and modern interface that has been designed to offer a seamless user experience. However, some features can be annoying to some users, such as the volume bar or slider pop-up that appears on the screen when adjusting the volume in Windows 11. The constant appearance of the volume pop-up can be a nuisance and can ruin the user experience.
In this article, we’ll discuss two methods on how to remove or hide the volume bar in Windows 11 so that it doesn’t appear on the screen whenever you adjust the volume of your computer.
The volume pop-up or slider may appear at the top left or sometimes middle of the screen when you adjust the volume. This can be frustrating because the app you’re using may not be usable in the several seconds when the volume pop-up appears on the screen.
This can be especially problematic if you’re playing a game, watching a movie, or making a video call where interruptions can be very annoying. The constant appearance of the volume bar whenever you change your computer’s volume can be a nuisance and can ruin the user experience.
Related issue: How to Stop Mouse Scroll From Changing Volume
Here are two ways to remove or hide the volume bar pop-up in Windows 11.
One way to remove the volume bar in Windows 11 is to use a third-party tool called HideVolumeOSD. This tool is free and open-source, and it allows you to hide the volume pop-up in Windows 11 when you adjust the volume.
Download HideVolumeOSD.
Once downloaded, run the executable file named “HideVolumeOSD-1.4.exe”
(the name may be different depending on the version).
Choose the Tray icon version during the installation setup, and follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation of Hide Volume OSD.
Read next: How to Change Volume of Different Apps on Windows 11
ModernFlyouts is a third-party open-source tool that replaces the default Windows 11 flyouts, including the volume pop-up. It provides a more modern and customizable experience for the flyouts, including the ability to customize the colors, layout, and behavior of the volume pop-up.
To use ModernFlyouts to change the behaviors of the volume bar in Windows 11, follow these steps:
Download and install ModernFlyouts from the GitHub page.
Run the installer and follow the prompts to install the software.
Once installed, open ModernFlyouts from the Start menu.
Simply adjust your volume and see how the new flyouts look.
Change and adjust the settings according to your needs. The changes will be applied immediately.
Alternatively, you can also customize the volume pop-up’s behavior by changing the layout, colors, and other settings. By using ModernFlyouts, you can have more control over the volume pop-up’s behavior and appearance, making it more personalized and less intrusive.
Another way to remove the volume pop-up in Windows 11 is to remap the volume keys using AHK (AutoHotkey), which is a free and open-source software that allows you to automate repetitive tasks and remap keys in Windows.
You can remap the volume keys using the following approach.
Volume_Up::SoundSet, +10 Volume_Down::SoundSet, -10With this method, you can adjust the volume in Windows 11 without the volume bar popping up.
The volume bar pop-up in Windows 11 can be an annoyance for many users, but with the solutions outlined in this article, you can easily remove or control it. By using HideVolumeOSD, ModernFlyouts, AHK, or other third-party volume controllers, you can remove or customize the behavior of the Windows 11 volume pop-up to your liking.
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