Trending December 2023 # Inspired By A Seed, This Rotating Drone Will Make Your Head Spin # Suggested January 2024 # Top 15 Popular

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In flight, the drone resembles a giant seed pod, lofted in the wind and buzzing through a rotor.

Created by a team at the Singapore University of Technology & Design, this new seed-inspired one-wing drone is named F-SAM. It is a type of monocopter, or a helicopter with only one rotating blade. Engineers first developed a monocopter in 1913, with testing in 1915, but a problem arises in trying to make a crewed aircraft out of an entire spinning wing: It is really easy for a human pilot to get dizzy.

Drone monocopters, like the F-SAM, have been much more common, and have seen a particular burst of design in the 21st century. Generating lift with its wing-body as it spins, a monocopter replaces the many moving parts of a quadcopter with a single elegant wing pulled forward by one attached propeller.

The design of monocopters is inspired by samara seeds, which when released from a tree, spin and float on the air until they are carried far away into fertile soil. What sets the F-SAM apart, not just from other drones but even from other drone monocopters, is that its wing is foldable, making the entire drone compact and storable when not in flight.

[Related: Floating whirligig microchips could help us monitor nature without leaving a trace]

Thanks to changes in how and when the F-SAM generates thrust, the drone can be steered, allowing it to navigate through complex challenges like a loop in and out of a window. The researchers demonstrate a flight time with the drone of at least 15 minutes.

[Related: Watch a C-130 cargo plane grab a drone out of the sky]

In their paper, the researchers explicitly compare the F-SAM to two small drones developed for military use. One, the palm-sized Black Widow, came from a mid-2000s DARPA project to demonstrate a fixed-wing scout drone, which was useful at distances but struggled with the precise maneuvering needed for indoors. The other point of comparison made is the Black Hornet, a sparrow-sized helicopter that can navigate in small spaces but is made of many small moving parts.

In 2009, Lockheed Martin developed a monocopter called the SAMARAI, a DARPA-funded project originally designed to deliver a small scout. The SAMARAI lost the camera and got larger in subsequent tests, proving the drone could work but missing a clear use case.

With its simple body and high maneuverability, the F-SAM offers a drone that soldiers could someday lift from their pockets, and then use to explore the inside of a building. What makes this a somewhat harder task than the Black Hornet or even a small quadcopter is that any camera attached to the F-SAM would also be spinning. For video, that would make the person watching the transmission as dizzy as if they were themselves spinning, or it would require a complex stabilization mechanism on the drone. Other sensors, like the spinning lasers of LiDAR, would be a natural fit, allowing the F-SAM to map out the interior of a room, even if it couldn’t see it in the traditional sense.

[Related: This cutting-edge drone is headed out to pasture at an Air Force museum]

“[F-SAM] can be a good contender for single-use GPS-guided reconnaissance missions,” Shane Kyi Hla Win told IEEE Spectrum. “As it uses only one actuator for its flight, it can be made relatively cheaply. It is also very silent during its flight and easily camouflaged once landed. Various lightweight sensors can be integrated onto the platform for different types of missions, such as climate monitoring.”

With the F-SAM compact enough to fit in a pocket and be launched by hand or from the ground, the form opens up new options for how militaries might add reconnaissance to their forces. If sending an F-SAM to scout ahead is as effortless as hurling a grenade, scouting drones could move from a specialized piece of equipment to standard, almost disposable gear.

Watch it in flight below:

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This Amphibious Drone Hitchhikes Like A Suckerfish

Remora fish, known commonly as suckerfish, are technically not parasites. They’re just along for the ride. You’ll often see them stuck onto a large marine animal like a shark or a whale and sometimes even small boats, getting free transportation across miles of the ocean while spending very little energy.

The result is a remora-inspired aerial-aquatic hitchhiking robot. A paper out in Science Robotics this week details how they made and tested this drone, which can fly, swim, and stick onto surfaces in air and water. It can also easily move between the two mediums, like a flying fish.

To make a drone like a remora, first the researchers had to observe the real fish. They used a camera to track a remora as it attached to the sides of an aquarium, and they saw that the suction disc could still hold on to the aquarium wall even if some parts of it were not in contact with the surface. They also used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to scan the head of a remora and look at the different bony and soft tissue structures inside the disc.

[Related: Engineers created a robotic hand with a gecko-like grip]

The technique showed them that the remora disc had a gill-like membrane of soft tissue, under which was a layer of bony structures. The membrane can rotate or tilt at an angle, which could help it stick. Both these membranes are joined by connective tissue situated between them and the disc lip, or the edge of the suction cup. The muscles that moved the two membranes sat beneath them and are interspersed with blood vessels.

Then, the team used 3D printing to construct an oval prototype disc with a gill-like grid structure that was 87 mm long and 46 mm wide. The prototype had four functional layers, a soft layer mimicking the connective tissue, a main disc mimicking the gilly membranes, and fluid-controlled channels that act as a motor for rotating the membrane as well as erecting and depressing each row in the membrane. There’s also another fluid-controlled motor that’s used for bending the disc. The disc lip forms the seal, and as the disc moves and rotates, it creates pressure differences between the various compartments and the external environment, resulting in adhesion.

The team then made a hybrid aerial-aquatic robot to which they added the remora-like disc. On the modified quadcopter robot, the disc was accompanied by two motor components, including the hydraulic systems that pump fluid to manipulate the membrane and bend the disc, and a cable system that curls the disc lip to detach. The control system on the robot itself includes a flight control module, a speed regulator, a communications system, a remote control, and a battery. “Passive morphing propellers” were also custom-made for the robot. These propellers will fold underwater (the blades go inward when in contact with water) and unfold in the air (centrifugal force from increasing rotation speed unfolds blades).

The resulting remora-like robot can attach to flat and curved surfaces, wet or dry. In swimming pool tests, the robot was able to steer to, attach to, and detach from a larger underwater robot. During attachment, the robot can cut power to its propellers and switch to “standby mode,” traveling with its host. In field tests, out in the ocean, the robot can take underwater videos and retrieve submerged objects.

“The robot’s air-water transition (per cycle) consumed 1.9 times the power of hovering in the air. Notably, the robot’s hitchhiking state can reduce power consumption up to 51.7 times (in air) and 19.2 times (under water) compared with a hovering state,” the paper’s authors wrote. “Such robotic forms may be promising for several open-environment applications, including long-term air and water observations, cross-medium operations, submerged structure inspections, marine life surveys, and iceberg detections.”

New Chaplain’s Faith Inspired By Tragedy

New Chaplain’s Faith Inspired by Tragedy Rev. John McLaughlin puts his mark on Catholic Center

Father John McLaughlin with students at the information fair for religious groups last September. Photo by Kalman Zabarsky

It’s a small miracle that BU’s new Catholic chaplain is a priest. It’s a big miracle that he’s even alive.

Big miracle first: just before Christmas 1978, Boston College junior John McLaughlin was strolling through Faneuil Hall around eight at night with his brother. It was the era of the urban drug-and-crime plague, and five thugs jumped them. One sucker-punched McLaughlin. His brother decked the guy; perhaps in panic, one of the others stabbed McLaughlin from behind, hitting his liver and a lung. As his strength ebbed along with his blood, he prayed to God to care for his family if he died. He spent that Christmas at Tufts Medical Center, where, he says, “they saved my life.” Still, just three years ago he needed surgery related to that old injury.

It took more than a brush with mortality to steer him to the priesthood. After graduation, he worked various jobs, including as a wrestling coach at his alma mater, Woburn High School. At the time, McLaughlin says, he was a “punch-the-clock-Catholic.” Working long hours, he’d say, “Well, God, you understand, I’m busy,” when he skipped church. Then in 1986, four of his wrestlers hit a tree driving back from a tournament. Two died, and the others were seriously hurt. The small miracle followed: watching the survivors’ families pray for recovery, he was struck that “neither was angry with God at the accident. A lot of people can get angry, saying, ‘Why did you do this to me—I go to church.’…They never said that. They just looked at God to be the one to help them.” Their faith, and that of thousands of pilgrims he saw on a later trip to Bosnia and Herzegovina with one of his injured wrestlers, led him to reexamine his life. At 32, he entered St. John’s Seminary, in Brighton.

The theme linking these experiences is the fragility of life, and once you’ve grasped that fragility, you don’t sweat little things, like replacing an icon—in this case, McLaughlin’s predecessor as BU’s Catholic chaplain, Sister Olga Yaqob. Yaqob endeared herself to Catholics and non-Catholics at BU with her warm personality, tireless energy, and a “ministry of hugging,” as McLaughlin, 53, puts it. “She’d hug everybody. That’s a little different from me.” But he’s had to replace popular priests before in his parish assignments. “I’m not really here to fill the shoes,” he says. “I’m here to do my job.”

So far, say students who’ve worked with him, he’s putting his own stamp on the Catholic Center. Literally. A key goal is to publicize the center as a “safe house for kids” apart from religious observance, a place to relax, he says. In pursuit of that goal, he is installing a basement TV and has “turned Sister Olga’s office into a lounge, with free coffee, tea, soda, snacks,” says Joseph Austin (CAS’13).

“He’s a very comforting presence,” says Amanda Calderon (CAS’13), secretary of the center’s executive committee. “No one can be Sister Olga. In a motherly sense, she’s just so compassionate, and all the students really feel her love. He’s more of that masculine presence, the fatherly presence that we need. He’s relatable. He made sure to let us all know, this is who I am, this is where I come from, these are my experiences.”

McLaughlin bantered easily at an information fair for campus religious groups in September. Asked to pose for a photo conversing with students, he obliged, telling the group, “Act like you need to talk to me.”

“So tell me about the Catholic Center,” a woman complied. “I don’t know,” replied McLaughlin, “you’ll have to ask Sarah,” referring to center intern Sarah Doyle (CAS’11), who stood nearby.

Yaqob, who assisted McLaughlin during his first days at the University, says that watching him interact with students, “I witnessed the heart of Christ, the Good Shepherd. Father John is a very humble leader, compassionate shepherd, and dedicated priest.”

He is also experienced in youth work. “I’ve always worked with young people,” he says, recalling his coaching days. “And “I’m not that old that I can’t remember those moments of youth. I like the challenges. It keeps you young.”

In his new ministry, he says, his marching orders are pretty open-ended. O’Malley “is very laissez-faire on things. They don’t tell you what you’re going to do. They like to keep the continuity of last year.” Even if you’re not a big hugger.

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A Beginner’s Guide To Buying Your First Drone

One of the most exciting and innovative bits of tech to emerge in recent years, drones let you survey your surroundings from on high, and they take magnificent aerial images. If you suddenly have the urge to own one, know that these petite flying machines are relatively affordable, so this is a good time to finally take to the skies.

Whether you’re upgrading your existing drone or buying your very first model, you’ve got a whole host of options to choose from. There’s something for every budget and requirement out there—you just need to know where to start.

Types of drones

When it comes to buying drones, you don’t have to consider as many makes and models as you would when picking a new smartphone or fitness tracker. In fact, you can put most drones into two broad categories: large outdoor fliers, and smaller ones that will either have a lower-resolution camera or none at all.

Which one you choose will depend on your needs. For some, a drone isn’t worth getting unless it can capture jaw-dropping footage from the skies in the outdoors. But for others, controlling a cool airborne machine is enough—they’re happy to play inside and sacrifice some picture quality in exchange for a lower price tag.

Another difference is how you fly them. Larger drones will typically have their own controller, allowing users to operate both the machine and the integrated camera usually attached to them. On the other hand, smaller toy drones don’t have controllers, so you’ll be able to steer them directly through an app on your phone.

But before you start thumbing through specifications and feature lists, consider what you’d actually like to do with a drone, or at least how much money you plan to spend. Do you want to have some fun buzzing a little copter around the living room and garden? Or would you prefer to head to the great outdoors and nab sweeping landscape photographs? Once you’ve decided on a priority, you’re ready to start picking a drone.

Features to look for

When it comes to drones, not all cameras are created equal. Juan Steyn/Unsplash

The sticker price won’t give you an exact indicator of a machine’s quality, although it will provide a quick, approximate, assessment of which drones are better than others. In general, more expensive drones will fly longer and farther, take better images, and come with more bells and whistles. But to make a more informed decision, you’ll need to get specific about specs. Let’s take a look.

Battery life

Just like a smartphone, a drone will eventually run out of juice, and flight times between charges struggle to surpass 30 minutes, even on the best models. You can always carry an extra power, but if you think you might need to do so, make sure to include the cost of spare batteries in the total price.

Brushless motors

You may come across this term when perusing a listing. Brushless motors cost more than brushed ones, but in exchange, they offer quieter operation and possess a longer lifespan, which means you won’t have to replace them as often.

Camera

If you want the best-quality footage possible, camera specs should be a big consideration, so make sure to look for the photo and video resolution. Most decent-size models—not including toy drones—now come with a built-in camera, but some allow you to attach your own. If you’re still a beginner when it comes to capturing high-res photos and videos, check out our guide to choosing a digital camera.

Headless mode

Starting to fly a drone can be tricky, so for beginners, some models offer headless mode. It means that when you push the controller stick one way, the drone will move in that direction relative to you, rather than relative to where the joystick is pointing.

Integrated GPS

Having an integrated GPS allows some drones to hover in place. Caleb Woods/Unsplash

At the premium end of the drone market, you’ll find models with integrated GPS, which lets the machines know where they are in the world. This upgrade helps your drone find its way back home with a feature aptly called return-to-home or RTH. An integrated GPS also improves the drone’s general stability and navigational skills, allowing a lot of them, for example, to easily hover in one place.

Follow-me mode

This feature lets your drone track you across the ground or ocean, so you can concentrate on your mountain biking or kite surfing while your aerial pal tags along recording your progress. Certain drones do this better than others, so check in with user reviews to see how well the mode works in practice.

Gimbal

As drones go up in price, you’ll notice they start having something called an integrated gimbal. This support just keeps the camera steady while it’s moving around in high winds and elevated altitudes. Smaller toy drones won’t have this attachment, but they don’t really need it—they spend most of their time indoors or at lower altitudes. If you want the best video footage and photos, make sure the drone includes a gimbal.

Obstacle avoidance Range

A drone’s range tells you how far from you it can move before you lose control. More expensive, professional-level drones have greater ranges, going beyond the outskirts of your living room or backyard. However, no matter how far your drone can stray, bear in mind that Federal Aviation Administration rules requires you to always have an eye on your drone to avoid it from damaging property, animals, or even people.

A few top picks

We won’t provide an exhaustive list of all consumer drones, but we will help you with a selection of good options so you can get a better idea of what’s available. Whichever drone tickles your fancy, though, there’s a curve on knowing how to operate these gadgets properly, so make sure to be patient and take your time to learn the ins and outs of how it works.

And before you send your new toy soaring into the skies, read through the FAA’s rules for operating drones. This government agency regulates unmanned flight, and says users must keep their machine in sight at all times and below 400 feet.

Finally, when you first launch your drone, start off slowly and carefully. This will not only keep the people around you safe, but also protect your new gadget.

DJI Mini 2

With the DJI Mini 2 you get more stable images without breaking the bank. Amazon

The DJI Mini 2 is at the lower end of the outdoor, consumer drone scale. It costs a relatively affordable $449, but still comes with a gimbal-mounted 4K camera. It’s capable of an impressive 31 minutes of flight time, with a range of a little more than 6 miles. On top of the rather appealing price, it’s light too, weighing in at just under 249 grams, or 0.55 pounds, which means you don’t have to register it with the FAA.

DJI Mavic 2 Pro

With a top speed of 45 mph, the DJI Mavic 2 Pro is fast. Amazon

At $1,599, the DJI Mavic 2 Pro definitely has to be registered with the authorities, and shows what three times the money gets you. It has substantially improved camera optics compared to the Mini 2, can fly at 45 mph, and sense and avoid obstacles in any direction. While the flight time and range is the same as the Mini 2, the Mavic 2 Pro offers more features, such as panoramic photos and compatibility with the DJI Goggles for a drone’s-eye view of the world.

Parrot ANAFI

Want to get real bang for your buck? Parrot’s ANAFI might be the drone for you. Amazon

Parrot’s drones for both consumers and professionals are well known for their value-to-money ratio, and you can pick up the excellent ANAFI online for a little less than $600. In return, you get a gimbal-equipped 4K camera capable of 180-degree rotation and 2.8-times zoom, up to 25 minutes of flight time, and an operating range of around 2.5 miles. It can also track subjects and keep them in the frame automatically with its follow-me mode.

Autel Robotics Evo II

With the Autel Robotics Evo II, you get spectacular image quality. Amazon

Another drone at the top end of the scale, the Autel Robotics Evo II comes in at just under $1,500 online. Its whopping 8K video resolution, though, manages to beat most other drones, and you also get 40 minutes of stable, gimbal-assisted flight time. The drone has an impressive range of 5.5 miles and omnidirectional obstacle avoidance, making it one of the most capable drones out there.

Holy Stone HS210 Mini

If you’re only starting to explore the world of drones, the Holy Stone HS210 Mini is a great starter. Amazon

At the opposite end of the price spectrum, the Holy Stone HS210 Mini comes in at a very affordable $30 and is a lot of fun to use around the house. It can hover in place on its own, it comes with its own dedicated controller, and flight time on a single charge is around 7 minutes, which is why you get two extra batteries. It offers an easy-to-fly headless mode and is perfect for drone races around the porch or up the stairs.

How To Find The Seed Of A Minecraft Server

The seed of a Minecraft server is the world upon which all else is built. Suppose you’ve ever stepped onto someone else’s server and found fascinating landscapes and easily-accessible biomes.

In that case, you know that creating a world with the same base as another player’s can be desirable. However, it isn’t always a simple matter to find the ID of a seed. The ease depends on who’s running the server.

Minecraft seeds are case-sensitive. You must follow the exact structure, including positive or negative numbers and lowercase or capital letters. If the seed is a word or a phrase.

Minecraft seeds don’t automatically include structures. Turning on the “Generate Structure” option on the “Create New World” page where you input seed is the only way to create villages, temples, and other similar places.

Keep in mind that Minecraft seeds aren’t the same for different editions of the game. If you’re playing the Bedrock edition but want to copy a seed from Java, it likely won’t work.

Minecraft uses an algorithm called Perlin noise to generate the worlds for the game. Since the developers update the algorithm between versions, chunks from the old seed don’t match those on the new seeds. This is why seeds are often incompatible between versions.

Finding the Minecraft seed of a server, you’re playing on depends on what level of access you have. For example, you might not be able to use the seed command on a server you don’t have admin rights.

The simplest way to find the seed of a Minecraft server is to use the command box.

Load into the Minecraft world with the seed you want to copy.

Press “/” to open the console. The / should remain in the text line once it’s opened.

Type “seed” without quotes. This should be immediately after the forward-slash. If the forward-slash doesn’t appear, type “/seed” without quotes.

Press Enter.

Copy down the seed code that appears in the chat window.

You must have admin rights to be able to complete these steps.

There is no command to find a seed in the Bedrock Edition of Minecraft. Instead, you have to use a specific menu to find it.

Save the seed before deleting the world unless you want to go through the process again.

To get the seed of a Minecraft multiplayer server, you have two options. The first is to ask for it from one of the admins. The second is to become an admin yourself and use the commands or procedures for the version of the game you’re on.

Sometimes, your server admin with administrator rights cannot access the server and give you the seed. If this is the case, someone needs to log into the server settings and give someone else admin powers over the server. That person can then give you the seed. It is the only way to get the seed without express guidance from someone with those powers.

If you’ve tried to get the seed from people with admin powers and aren’t having luck, some use a mod to download the world and then get the seed. Since the world can be saved to your computer and opened while you have complete control, this might enable you to get the seed.

There are a few ways to install it, but the best one is probably using MultiMC, a popular Minecraft launcher.

Having MultiMC on your computer helps you do more than just manage mods. It’s also a good backup for when the launcher is down or broken.

Once you have MultiMC installed, you can use it to run World Downloader Mod.

Once you have it installed, you can navigate to a server and use World Downloader to save it on your computer, open it, and find the seed. It won’t always work because some servers have protections against this type of mod.

You will have to open chests and containers to save them. Villager trades require opening the view menu if you want them. Command blocks also need to be opened, but only someone with access rights can do so.

Once you have the world downloaded to your computer, open it like any downloaded world and use the seed command to get your information.

While this may not get you the exact seed you want, it will copy all the areas that you traveled to and give you a full map of what’s in the overworld, above and below.

There is no good way to find the seed of a server without being an operator. The best thing you can do is message the mods and other people with access and ask for the seed.

What Is Head In Git?

What is Head in Git?

Sometimes, you see the Git documentation referring to something called HEAD. For example, The branch should be completely integrated in HEAD. But what exactly is Git HEAD? In this article, we’ll get to know more about Git HEAD but before that let’s just summarize what Git is and what its used for. Git is a tool for distributed control not only used by product managers and developers but also data scientists to manage the source code development of the program and its history.

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HEAD Pointer in Git

Git maintains a variable for referencing, called HEAD to the latest commit in the recent checkout branch. You can imagine HEAD as the “current committed branch”. And we can think of as a pointer, as the purpose of this variable is to point to or act as a reference to a particular commit in the repository. Say, we make a new commit in the repo then the pointer or HEAD is going to move or change its position to point to a new commit.

HEAD points to the starting point of the present branch in the repository at all times. It can be thought of as the last state or the last checked out point in a repository. In other words, the HEAD is a pointer to the next commits’ parent or where the next commit is going to happen as that’s where the repo left off.

A good analogy would be a record player and the playback and record keys on it as the HEAD. As the audio starts recording, the tape moves ahead moving past the head by recording onto it. Stop button stops the recording while still pointing to the point it last recorded and the point that record head stopped is where it will continue to record again when Record is pressed again. If we move around, the head pointer moves to different places, however, when Record is pressed again starts recording from the point the head was pointing to when Record was pressed.

In Git, you can use the command below to see what the HEAD pointer points.

cat .git/HEAD

It shows the contents of .git/HEAD like shown below

It is basically a symbolic reference to the latest committed branch that you checked out and effectively points to the commit at the beginning of the current branch.

Whenever we make a new commit like shown below, it gets added before the current HEAD which makes Git automatically points the HEAD to the new commit.

git diff HEAD..HEAD~3

More precisely, HEAD is a moving pointer that could refer to the current branch, or it couldn’t but it always refers to the “current commit”. It (current commit) is the commit “git commit” is build on top of, and are often compared against “git diff –cached” and “git status”.

git log @

Typing ‘HEAD’ is time taking, especially when there is a shortcut, ‘@’ instead. The symbol ‘@’ is chosen because it naturally follows the [email protected] syntax (e.g. [email protected]{u}), but other than that there’s no reference or operation, and when there isn’t any of those, ‘HEAD’ can be assumed in place of @.

1. Detached HEAD

It is plausible for HEAD to point to a specific change that has not been linked to a branch name yet. This is the situation which is called a detached HEAD and it happens when someone checks out something other than a (local) branch, say a specific commit, a remote branch, or a tag. Detached HEAD, therefore, can be used to checkout a commit that isn’t pointing to the starting point of any existing branch, or to create a brand new commit which isn’t necessarily referenced by a known branch.

Let’s take an example where we checkout commit b in one or the other way

git checkout master^^

git checkout v3.1

Note: that no matter whichever checkout command is used, HEAD will now refer to commit b. This status of b is called as detached HEAD state.

git checkout -b foo

First a new branch named foo is created, which is referred to commit f which in turn updates the HEAD to point to branch foo. This means that it will not be in a detached HEAD state any longer.

git branch foo

This creates a new branch named foo, that is referred to commit f, but the HEAD is left detached.

git tag foo

This too creates a new tag named foo, which is referred to commit f, but the HEAD is left detached.

Suppose, you changed to a position other than commit f, then the object name must be recovered first (typically done by using the git reflog command), and after that, a reference is created to it.

To find out the last two commits HEAD referred to, use either of the below commands:

git log -g -2 HEAD git reflog -2 HEAD 2. ORIG_HEAD

There is one more kind of HEAD that you need to know about. The commands “merge” or “pull” always left the original tip of the current branch in something called ORIG_HEAD. It can be used using the following commands:

git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD

Using this, reset hard brings the index file along with the working tree back to its original state, while resetting the tip of the branch to that commit, but it discards the local changes.

git reset --merge ORIG_HEAD

But what if you want to keep the local changes, in that you can use the above command to keep the local changes.n addition, merge always sets ‘.git/ORIG_HEAD’ to the original state of HEAD so a problematic merge can be removed by using ‘git reset ORIG_HEAD’. In addition to this, merge sets ‘.git/ORIG_HEAD’ to the original state of HEAD at all times so as to remove a problematic merge by using ‘git reset ORIG_HEAD’.

If you face any problem with multiple commits, ORIG_HEAD is set to the starting point of the current branch before applying any patches as an error in the commits can be more easily fixed this way.

Advantages of Git HEAD

It is used to point to the recently committed branch.

It can be used to make changes from the last visited point.

It can also be used to move to different points in history and work from there.

Keeps the repository & process clean and readable.

Conclusion

Git has many uses and is extensively used by developers, product managers, and data scientists. Its commands are very effective and can be very useful. HEAD is a reference to the last commit in the currently checked-out branch.