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Introduction

In this article, I will explain new concepts in machine learning, namely Few Shot Learning, Zero-Shot Learning, and One Shot Learning which are convenient and relatively simple approaches to implementing image classification and deep learning techniques.

Few Shot Learning

Few-shot learning refers to feeding models with very minimal data, contrary to the practice of feeding large amounts of data. Few shot learning is the best example of a meta-learning shot where it is trained on several related tasks during the meta-training phase, so it can generalize well on unseen data with very few examples.

Importance of Few Shot Learning

Reducing the data collection, since Few-shot learning requires fewer data to train the model, which in turn reduces cost in data collection and computational cost.

When there is insufficient data for supervised or unsupervised machine learning tools, often find it challenging to make predictions; in such cases, few-shot learning is very helpful in doing.

Computer vision – Character Recognition, Image Classification, and Other Image applications like (Image retrieval, gesture recognition) and Video applications.

Robotics: Visual Navigation, Continuous Control, Learning manipulation actions from a few demonstrations.

Audio Processing: Voice conversion across different languages, Voice conversion from one user to another.

Other: Medical Applications, IoT applications, Mathematical applications, Material Science applications.

One Shot learning is a machine learning algorithm that requires very little database to identify or access the similarities between the objects. These are more helpful in deep learning models. In one-shot learning for machine learning algorithms, only one instance or doesn’t require many examples for each category to feed to the model for training, the best examples for One-shot learning are computer vision images and facial recognition.

1. The goal of one-shot learning is to identify and recognize the features of an object, like how humans can remember and train the system to use prior knowledge to classify new objects

2. One-shot learning is good at identifying computer vision images and facial recognition and passport identification checks where individuals should be accurately classified with different appearances

3. One of the approaches of One Shot learning is Using Siamese networks

4. One-shot learning applications are used in voice cloning, IoT analytics, curve-fitting in mathematics, one-shot drug discovery, and other medical applications.

Zero-shot learning is a machine learning pattern where a pre-trained deep learning model is made to generalize on a category of samples. The idea behind Zero-shot learning is how humans can naturally find similarities between data classes, in the same way, training the machine to identify.

The main aim of Zero-shot learning is to gain the ability to predict the results without any training samples; the machine has to recognize the objects from classes that are not trained during training. Zero-Shot learning is based on knowledge transfer which is already contained in the instances fed while training.

Zero-Shot learning is proposed to learn intermediate semantic layers and properties, then apply it to predict a new class of unseen data.

For example, let’s say we have seen a horse but never seen a zebra. If someone tells you that a zebra looks like a horse but has black and white stripes, you will probably recognize a zebra when you see it.

1. Data labeling is a labor-intensive job. It can be used when training data is lacking for a specific class.

2. Zero-shot learning can be deployed in scenarios where the model has to learn new tasks without re-learning previously learned ones.

3. To Improve the generalization ability of a machine learning model.

4. Zero shot could be a more effective way of learning new information than traditional methods, such as learning through trial and error

5. In Image classification and Object Detection, Zero shot is additionally helpful in finding the visuals

6. Zero shot is more supportive in developing several deep work frameworks like Image generation, Image Retrieval

On the other hand, shot Learning uses very less data when compared with Few shot learning, or it uses only one instance or example of data, not the vast database. One-shot learning is more useful in identifying the image of a person in any identification proof

When there is no training data available for the machine learning the algorithm still the system has to identify or classify the object, in such scenarios Zero Shot learning generates the best results

Now that we have a fair understanding of Few shot, One shot, Zero shot Learnings, desp having a few drawbacks

The main takeaway is

1) We can use these algorithms where less data is available, and it takes less time to collect huge amounts of data to train models.

2) For deep learning models, Few shot, One shot, and Zero-shot Learnings are the best options to implement.

3) One-shot and earning eliminate training data on billions of images to a model.

4) These learning are widely used in Classification, Regression, and Image recognition.

5) All these techniques are useful in overcoming data scarcity challenges and reducing costs.

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All You Need To Know About Reinforcement Learning

This is one of the most exciting fields that has garnered attention from so many. For the ones looking to make a career in this, there’s no better time than now to get started.

Signing up for Deepracer will give you an access to a simulator. This further allows the user to select a track, code a reward function, and also adjust tuning parameters. With a default reward function with tuning parameters, one can start training the racer followed by evaluating its performance. AWS Deepracer is undoubtedly a great tool to get started and get acquainted with RL.

The best way to learn anything is to see how it applies to the real-world. With tons of real-world examples of business, academics, and government organizations experimenting as well as succeeding with this innovative aspect of machine learning, a lot can be learned and understood. Some real-life examples that can help in this aspect are – a grocery store that employs a personalized and recommendation engine that uses reinforcement learning, army deploying vehicles in different parts of the battle area, a robot playing sports, to name a few.

Needless to say, books are certainly one of the best ways to gain knowledge and expertise no matter what the field is. Some of the best books and papers to get going are –

The Basics of Deep Q Learning: With this book, one can surely gain command on Math and processes of Reinforcement Learning.

The Hierarchical Learning paper: This is handy especially for those who want to understand Hierarchical Learning in detail.

Deep RL: As evident as the name, this delves deeper into the subject.

Some of the applications of RL are in the areas of –

Robotics

Bidding & Advertising

Augmented NLP

Industrial Operations

Supply Chain & Logistics

Traffic Control

Load Balancing

Scaling and tweaking the neural network that controls the agent

The agent performs the task as it is and not in the optimal or required way.

Preparing the simulation environment is yet another challenge faced.

Reinforcement learning (RL) is the area of machine learning that is concerned with how software is able to take the right decision. The computer employs a trial and error method in order to find the best possible behavior or path that should be taken in a specific situation. Reinforcement learning is more or less a game-like situation. In order to enable the machine to do what is desired by the programmer, the artificial intelligence gets either rewards or penalties for the actions it performs. Ultimately, the goal is to maximize the rewards. Needless to say, this aspect of machine learning is the most effective way to hint at a machine’s creativity as of now. Consider an example wherein an autonomous vehicle is to be designed with a focus on parameters like minimizing the ride time, reducing pollution, obeying the traffic rules, etc. While coming up with this model, rather than relying on lengthy ‘if-then’ statements, reinforcement learning serves to be a savior. Here, the programmer would focus on preparing the reinforcement learning agent capable enough of learning from the system of rewards and chúng tôi is one of the most exciting fields that has garnered attention from so many. For the ones looking to make a career in this, there’s no better time than now to get started.Signing up for Deepracer will give you an access to a simulator. This further allows the user to select a track, code a reward function, and also adjust tuning parameters. With a default reward function with tuning parameters, one can start training the racer followed by evaluating its performance. AWS Deepracer is undoubtedly a great tool to get started and get acquainted with chúng tôi best way to learn anything is to see how it applies to the real-world. With tons of real-world examples of business, academics, and government organizations experimenting as well as succeeding with this innovative aspect of machine learning, a lot can be learned and understood. Some real-life examples that can help in this aspect are – a grocery store that employs a personalized and recommendation engine that uses reinforcement learning, army deploying vehicles in different parts of the battle area, a robot playing sports, to name a few.Needless to say, books are certainly one of the best ways to gain knowledge and expertise no matter what the field is. Some of the best books and papers to get going are –Some of the applications of RL are in the areas of –The crux of RL is how the agent is trained. Reinforcement learning is, without a doubt, cutting-edge technology and has the potential to transform the world. It is one of those ways that can make a machine creative

Everything About Werewolf In Skyrim And How To Become One

Maybe you’ve heard of Lycanthropy. When the full moon approaches, legends speak of half-man half-beasts roaming across the hills of Skyrim. They can run at incredible speeds and can take on a dragon in one-on-one combat. Most of these stories are stories designed to scare children… right? What if you wanted to see one of these beasts up close and see their power for yourself. What if you want to be a werewolf?

Well, you’ve come to the right place. We have already covered about vampires in skyrim, now let us talk about warewolves. In this guide, I will be laying out everything there is to know about Lycanthropy and how to become a werewolf in Skyrim.

The Companions are an order of fighters founded by the legendary hero Ysgramor. They reside in a place called Jorrvaskr next to the Skyforge in Whiterun.

To become a werewolf, you need to join what is called The Circle. To do this, first, talk to any Companion about joining their ranks of furries. They will guide you to the Harbinger, Kodlak Whitemane.

There will be a quest involving a sword, and once you complete it, you’ll be welcomed into the ranks of the Companions.

Complete a few radiant quests for the companions until you get the quest Proving Honor, which will be the first time you will get to see a werewolf in action.

Once Proving Honor is complete, do a few more quests until you are given the quest The Silver Hand. The quest will direct you to talk to Skjor up at the forge about your initiation at The Underforge.

Complete the initiation ritual, and you will transform into a werewolf for the very first time.

Complete the quest to gain access to the Beast Form power permanently.

Congratulations! You are now a bonafide Lycanthrope.

Now that you have the Beast Form power, you can use it at any time once a day to turn into a werewolf. The process takes a few seconds in which you are vulnerable to attacks.

The werewolf transformation itself will only last 2.5 minutes of real-world time. To extend this transformation time, you will need to ‘feed’ on the human or human-like corpses. To ‘feed,’ you need to find a corpse and activate it by pressing your loot button. Each feeding will restore your health and extend the duration of your Beast Form by 30 seconds.

You can only use Beast Form once a day. However, you can use the Ring of Hircine to grant you another power that lets you transform into a werewolf as much as you want. To do this, you will need to complete the quest Ill Met by Moonlight as follows:

In Falkreath, you will hear rumors of a little girl who was murdered. You can also go to the graveyard where her funeral is taking place and talk to one of the priests to get details about who the culprit is. The quest will then guide you to Falkreath Jail to talk to the murderer. This should start the quest ill Met by Moonlight.

In Falkreath Jail, you will find the person who committed the murder, Sinding. Sinding will give you an item called the Cursed Ring of Hircine, which will randomly turn you into a werewolf. After this has happened, Sinding will escape, and you will need to find a way to purify the Ring.

The quest will now direct you to kill a White Stag. Once you have killed it, Hircine himself will talk to you and direct you to Bloated Man’s Grotto. Hircine will also ask you to kill Sinding for him.

Travel to the Grotto and find Sinding fighting the group of hunters there. He will come and talk to you after the fight. It is important here that you side with Sinding. Spare him and join him instead in killing the hunters against Hircine’s wish.

Finish the remaining part of the quest and kill the hunters with Sinding. After completing the dungeon, Sinding will talk to you and thank you for the help. Exit the dungeon, and Hircine will congratulate you on your choice and give you the purified Ring of Hircine.

Note that he will do so even though you disobeyed his orders. If he gives you the Savior’s Hide instead, reload a previous save and make sure you side with Sinding.

Equip the Ring of Hircine, and you will be granted a power with the same name, which is different from Beast Form. Use this power to gain unlimited werewolf transformations!

If you want to go back to being in human form, wait a few in-game hours or until your timer runs off, and you will be transformed back.

As a werewolf, you are granted several powers.

Your base melee damage is set to 20, and it increases every level until 45, at 80 damage.

You gain 100 extra health and stamina.

You can sprint significantly faster and for more time.

Your stamina regenerates quicker.

Your power attacks knock back opponents.

Power attacking while sprinting will stagger almost every opponent, including Giants.

Press the power button to Howl and let out a savage roar that will send enemies fleeing.

Any crime committed during this form will not incur a bounty.

This requires the Dawnguard DLC. When you consume the heart of a corpse as a werewolf, it is possible to gain points for this perk tree. You can use these points to unlock perks such as increasing the total damage inflicted, health and stamina when in werewolf form.

Until the Savage Feeding perk is taken, only human or humanoid enemies can be fed upon. It is a good idea to take the Savage Feeding perk as soon as possible. This will increase your leveling rate significantly.

The perk tree can only be accessed when in beast form. A total of 164 ‘hearts’ must be eaten to unlock the full tree.

The werewolf skill tree includes eight perks.

Bestial Strength: Do more damage in Beast Form.

Totem of Ice Brothers: Howl to summon Ice Wolves to your aid.

Totem of the Moon: Howl to summon more werewolves to your aid.

Totem of Terror: Howl affects higher-level enemies.

Animal Vigor:More health and stamina in Beast Form.

Gorging: Feeding restores more health.

Savage Feeding: Can now also feed on creature corpses.

All three Totem powers available will require you to complete the Totems of Hircine quest from Aela the Huntress. These radiant quests will give you special powers you can use in your Beast Form. The locations for these totems are randomized, so there’s no way of knowing beforehand where you will find them.

Totem of The Hunt: Detect Life ability.

Totem of Brotherhood: Summon two wolf spirits.

Totem of Fear: Howling will activate Fear against enemies.

Once found, these totems will be present in The Underforge. You can activate one of these powers by praying at the corresponding totem there.

This carries over to your human form as well. As a werewolf, you are 100% immune to disease.

This requires the Dragonborn DLC. Go to Solstheim and ask Feldis Sadri at the Retching Netch for rumors. He will talk about a werewolf sighting near Frostmoon Crag, which is north of Raven Rock. Talk to the hunters there to buy four special rings that will aid your werewolf transformation significantly.

Ring of Bloodlust: Increases both damage and damage taken in Beast Form by 50%.

Ring of Instinct: Slows time for 20 seconds when transforming into Beast Form.

Ring of the Hunt: Allows for the health regen in Beast Form.

Ring of the Moon: Increases the duration of Howl by 25%.

There are a lot many ways to play Skyrim with the help of various build options, strategies and equipment. And Lycanthropy is no different too.

Many of these problems can be fixed by transforming back into a human. But, it is still a tedious process to change forms on the fly, especially if you don’t have the Ring of Hircine yet.

As a werewolf, your dreams will be haunted by nightmares caused by Hircine’s curse. You will be unable to get the Well Rested bonus, as well as the Lover’s Comfort bonus.

Your armor and items will automatically be unequipped when you transform into a werewolf. So, you will have to manually re-equip everything once your Beast Form ends.

If you’ve decided that being a werewolf is more trouble than it is worth, here are the methods to cure yourself of Hircine’s curse.

This is the conventional method to cure Lycanthropy in Skyrim. Note that curing Lycanthropy this way will lock you out of the werewolf form forever. That means you will never be able to be a werewolf through normal methods again!

Complete the Companions questline by finishing the quest Glory of the Dead. This is the final Companion quest where you go to Ysgramor’s Tomb to cure Kodlak of Lycanthropy. Finish the quest prompts that appear and make a note of the Glenmoril Witch Cave location.

If you haven’t done so already, go to the cave and collect a Glenmoril Witch Head by killing a witch and looting her corpse. You will need one head to do this. Note that the witches don’t respawn. Make sure you grab every head possible.

Go to Ysgramor’s Tomb (make sure you use the back entrance) and toss the head in the Flame of the Harbinger. Your beast spirit will come out to fight. Kill it, and you will be a werewolf no more!

For this, you will need the Dawnguard DLC. You can ask Serana or Harkon to convert you into a vampire lord. This process will automatically cure you of Lycanthropy, as both powers cannot coexist in your player character.

To become a werewolf again, if you’ve used this method, talk to Aela. She will perform the ritual and convert you back into a werewolf again, only once. You will, however, lose your vampire form.

PC PLAYERS ONLY! Just use the console, I guess. Only do this if you encounter bugs or something. It’s less fun this way.

Press the tilde “~” key, and a console should pop up. Type “player.removespell 92C48”. Press Enter. Now type “showracemenu“ to change your race. Viola! Instant cure for lazy people.

If you feel the need to take a break from a Legendary difficulty lycanthropy run, you might want to check out similar games like Skyrim. Either way, there’s no denying, Bethesda Softworks have made a very enjoyable game that is still playable after such a long time since its release.

We’re sad to see you go! — The Companions (Probably)

Yes, Lycanthropy does not affect marriage. However, you cannot get the Lover’s Comfort perk by sleeping with your partner.

No, not conventionally. But everything is possible if you cheat…

No. I guess they forgot to code that in. But no. They don’t.

Things To Know About Starlink And Its Internet Services In Detail

Starlink: The new satellite internet venture of Elon Musk

Most of you might remember

Starlink is the network of orbital satellites which is a division with SpaceX, which was developed in 2023, with initial prototype satellites which were launched into orbit in 2023.

As of now, the connection is limited to the northwest US, parts of Canada, and the UK. But this is going to grow very soon in all parts of the world. The coverage is now focused between 45- and 53-degrees north latitude. Musk in an interview at Mobile World Congress early this year said that Starlink will hit worldwide availability except at the North and South Poles starting this August. But in June, SpaceX president Gwynne Shotwell said Starlink would reach global serviceability sometime this fall. He added, “We have successfully deployed 1,800 or so satellites, and once all those satellites reach their operational orbit we will have continuous global coverage so that should be like September”.

Like other internet providers, it also wants to sell its internet access across the globe, especially in rural areas. To avail of the service by just setting up a small satellite dish at your home to receive signals. It also has an app facilitating Android and iOS users to help customers pick the best location and position to receive signals, this is done using augmented reality. As of now, the services are just available in parts of the US, and Canada, but this service is likely to grow and reach more than 10,000 users. The company wants to be the high-speed internet-providing service in the world.

The website of the internet company says, “Users can expect to see data speeds varying from 50 to 150 megabits per second and latency from 20 to 40 milliseconds in most locations over the next several months. As we launch more satellites, install more ground stations, and improve our networking software, data speed, latency, and uptime will improve dramatically”. To this, Musk also tweeted in February that he is expecting the service to double its top speed to 300Mbps by the end of 2023. Hope you all got the answer regarding the speed.

The cost of the service as of now is $99 per month, plus taxes and fees along with an initial payment of $500 for the mountable

Even though fiber-optic cables are much faster than satellites, they can reach people of underserved long before fiber could ever do. The recent FCC filings also suggest that it could result in increasing phone services. Musk in 2023 said that it could help SpaceX by generating revenue to fund long-held company projects to establish a base on Mars. Shotwell speaking about the company’s vision for Starlink said, “If you send a million people to Mars, you better provide some way for them to communicate. I don’t think the people who go to Mars are going to be satisfied with some terrible, old-fashioned radios, but they will want their iPhones or Androids on Mars”.

Everything You Need To Know About Uranium

Since the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth identified uranium in 1789, atomic number 92 has become one of the most troubling substances on the planet. It’s naturally radioactive, but its isotope uranium-235 also happens to be fissile, as Nazi nuclear chemists learned in 1938, when they did the impossible and split a uranium nucleus in two. American physicists at U.C. Berkeley were soon to discover they could force uranium-238 to decay into plutonium-239; the substance has since been used in weapons and power plants around the world. Today, the element continues to stoke international tensions as Iran stockpiles uranium in defiance of an earlier treaty, and North Korea’s “Rocket Man” leader Kim Jong-un continues to resist denuclearization.

But what is uranium, exactly? And what do you need to know about it beyond the red-hot headlines? Here we answer your most pressing nuclear questions:

Uranium is a common metal. “It can be found in minute quantities in most rocks, soils, and waters,” geologist Dana Ulmer-Scholle writes in an explainer from the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. But finding richer deposits—the ones with concentrated uranium actually worth mining—is more difficult.

When engineers find a promising seam, they mine the uranium ore. “It’s not people with pickaxes anymore,” says Jerry Peterson, a physicist at the University of Colorado, Boulder. These days, it comes from leaching, which Peterson describes as pouring “basically PepsiCola—slightly acidic” down into the ground and pumping the liquid up from adjacent holes. As the fluid percolates through the deposit, it separates out the uranium for harvesting.

Uranium ore. Deposit Photos

Uranium has several important isotopes—different flavors of the same substance that vary only in their neutron count (also called atomic mass). The most common is uranium-238, which accounts for 99 percent of the element’s presence on Earth. The least common isotope is uranium-234, which forms as uranium-238 decays. Neither of these products are fissile, meaning their atoms don’t easily split, so they can’t sustain a nuclear chain reaction.

That’s what makes the isotope uranium-235 so special—it’s fissile, so with a bit of finessing, it can support a nuclear chain reaction, making it ideal for nuclear power plants and weapons manufacturing. But more on that later.

There’s also uranium-233. It’s another fissile product, but its origins are totally different. It’s a product of thorium, a metallic chemical much more abundant than uranium. If nuclear physicists expose thorium-232 to neutrons, the thorium is liable to absorb a neutron, causing the material to decay into uranium-233.

Just as you can turn thorium into uranium, you can turn uranium into plutonium. Even the process is similar: Expose abundant uranium-238 to neutrons, and it will absorb one, eventually causing it to decay to plutonium-239, another fissile substance that’s been used to create nuclear energy and weapons. Whereas uranium is abundant in nature, plutonium is really only seen in the lab, though it can occur naturally alongside uranium.

People don’t exactly lay out step-by-step guides to refining nuclear materials. But Peterson got pretty close. After you’ve extracted uranium from the earth, he says chemical engineers separate the uranium-rich liquid from other minerals in the sample. When the resulting uranium oxide dries, it’s the color of semolina flour, hence the nickname “yellowcake” for this intermediate product.

From there, a plant can purchase a pound of yellowcake for $20 or $30. They mix the powder with hydrofluoric acid. The resulting gas is spun in a centrifuge to separate from uranium-238 and uranium-235. This process is called “enrichment.” Instead of the natural concentration of 0.7 percent, nuclear power plants want a product that’s enriched to between 3 and 5 percent uranium-235. For a weapon, you need much more: These days, upwards of 90 percent is the goal.

Once that uranium is enriched, power plant operators pair it with a moderator, like water, that slows down the neutrons in the uranium. This increases the probability of a consistent chain reaction. When your reaction is finally underway, each individual neutron will transform into 2.4 neutrons, and so on, creating energy all the while.

Uranium glass dinnerware. Deposit Photos

Try this: In PopSci‘s “Danger” issue earlier this year, David Meier, a research scientist at Pacific Northwest National Lab, talked about his work to create a database of plutonium sources. Turns out, every plutonium product has a visible origin story, because “there’s not one way of processing it,” Meier says. The United States had two plutonium production sites. While the intermediate product from Hanford, Washington (the Manhattan Project site from which PNNL grew) was brown and yellow, the Savannah River site in Akon, South Carolina, produced “a nice blue material,” Meier says. Law enforcement officials hope these subtle differences—which may also correspond to changes in the chemical signature, particle size, or shape of the material—will one day help them track down illicit nuclear development.

Or, dazzle your guests with a short history of radioactive dinnerware. The manufacture of uranium glass, also called canary glass or Vaseline glass began in the 1830s. Before William Henry Perkin created the first synthetic color in 1856, dyes were terribly expensive and even then they didn’t last. Uranium became a popular way to give plates, vases, and glasses a deep yellow or minty green tinge. But put these household objects under a UV light and they all fluoresce a shocking neon chartreuse. Fortunately for the avid collectors who actively trade in uranium glass, most of these objects aren’t so radioactive as to pose a risk to human health.

Last one: In 2002, the medical journal The Lancet published an article on the concerning potential for depleted uranium—the waste leftover after uranium-235 extraction—to end up on the battlefield. The concern is that its high density would make it an incredible projectile, capable of piercing even the most well-enforced battle tank. Worse yet, it could then contaminate the surrounding landscape and anyone it.

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All You Need To Know About Reinforcement Learning

Top Blockchain Interview Questions One Should Know About

Everything About Werewolf In Skyrim And How To Become One

Things To Know About Starlink And Its Internet Services In Detail

Everything You Need To Know About Uranium