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Introduction to Python Check if File Exists

In Python Check, if File Exists, there are some built-in functions to determine whether the file exists. It is important to check if the file exists before uploading any data on the disk or to avoid overwriting the existing file. Unfortunately, there are few built-in functions in the Python standard library. Therefore, one of the simplest ways to check whether a file exists is to try to open the file, as this does not require any built-in modules or standard library.

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How to Check if File Exists in Python?

os. path.exists()

os. path.isfile()

In Python, these two methods are common ways to check file existence. The methods exist(), and isfile() are from the os. path module in the Python standard library. So before using it, we have to import this module to use in our codes. This module is available in both Python 2 and 3 versions. So usually, both these methods check if the file exists or not and return the result in either true if the file exists or false if the file does not exist. Let us consider an example:

Example #1

Let us check with the os. path.isfile() method:

Code:

import os.path f1 = open('Text.txt', 'w') f1.write("Educba Training") f1.close() if os.path.isfile('Text.txt'): print ("File exist") f2 =open('Text.txt','r') print(f2.read()) f2.close() else: print ("File not exist")

Output:

Example #2

If the file does not exist, then it will have:

Code:

import os.path if os.path.isfile('Text.txt'): print ("File exist") else: print ("File does not exist")

Output:

os. path. Exists () method also works the same as the isfile() method in the above code. However, instead of isfile(), you can use exists() method as its results are the same as the above code returns. So these two methods only check if files exist, but not if the program has access. So similarly, you can use these even to check if directories exist or not using exists() and isdir() methods.

Another option is to use the most common built-in method, the open() function with try and except block. Usually, the method open() itself describes as it can open a file it can be a new file. Still, if an open file exists, it may give an error saying no such file or directory for writing to the file.

Example #3

Code:

open('Text.txt')

So to avoid this, we used to raise the exception to handle such errors. We can use this to raise the FileNotFoundError exception that can be handled or IOError. So in the above code, we have got IOError which can be handled by the try and except block as shown below to check or to say that file does not exist. In this option, it is only used to handle the error when the file does not exist; otherwise, if the file exists, it will not give any such error. So this attempt is to check the file for both readable and accessible, which allows you to check for the existence of the file and is also accessible simultaneously.

Example #4

Code:

try: f = open('Text.txt') f.close() except IOError: print('File does not exist')

Output:

pathlib.path.exists(): This is another option to check if the file exists or not; this method is available in Python 3.4 and above versions only. This method deals with file system paths that provide an object-oriented interface. So this is another Python standard library that again has exists() and is_file() method in this module, which provides an abstraction for many file system operations. This module includes these two helper functions for existence checks and is used to find whether a path points to a file or a directory. So if you want to check if the path points to a file, we have to use path.exists(), and if we want to check if the path is the file or symbolic link instead of the directory, we have to use the path.is_file() method. So we can say this option is similar to the first option for checking the file using the os. path module of the Python standard library.

Example #5

Let us consider an example:

import pathlib file = pathlib.Path("Text1.txt") if file.exists (): print ("File exist") else: print ("File does not exist")

Output:

Example #6

If the file exists, then we can check in the following code:

Code:

import pathlib f1 = open('Text1.txt', 'w') f1.write("Educba Training") f1.close() file = pathlib.Path("Text1.txt") if file.exists (): print ("File exist") f2 =open('Text1.txt','r') print("File contains:",f2.read()) f2.close() else: print ("File does not exist")

Output:

Similarly we can use is_file() function can be used instead of exists() function in the above code. As this option and the first option are the same, this option is better as it provides a cleaner object-oriented interface for working with the file system. We can make file handling code more readable and more maintainable in this option. Another difference is that the pathlib module is available for Python 3.4 and above versions, whereas the os. Path module is available for Python 2 versions.

Conclusion

So the above article describes the different ways of checking the file’s existence. So checking the file existence is important because whenever we want to upload ay content to the file and if the file does not exist, then it gives an error which can be handled using the second option in the above article, that is to handle IOError; otherwise, sometimes it is really necessary to check the file existence as to avoid overwriting to the file contents. So to check if the file exists, the simplest way is to use the open() function as we did in the above article, other modules, or standard libraries like os. Path and pathlib. The path is used in Python, which both have to exist () and isfile() helper functions in this module for file check existence.

How To Get The File Name From The File Path In Python?

In this article, we will learn a python program to get the file name from the file Path.

Methods Used

The following are the various methods to accomplish this task −

Using the OS module functions

Using Pathlib Module

Using Regular expressions(regex module)

Method 1: Using the OS Module Functions Get the File Name From the File Path using the split() Function

The split() function splits a string into a list. We can define the separator; the default separator is any whitespace.

Algorithm (Steps)

Following are the Algorithms/steps to be followed to perform the desired task. −

Use the import keyword to import the os module.

Create a variable to store the input file path.

Use the split() function to split the file path into a list of words based on the ‘/’ separator.

Get the last element from the list using negative indexing(indexing from the end i.e -1, -2….).

print the resultant filename.

Example

The following program returns the filename from the given file path using the split() function −

# importing os module import os # input file path inputFilepath = 'C:/Users/cirus/Desktop/tutorialsPoint.pdf' # Printing the given file path print("The given file path is:",inputFilepath) # splitting the file path into a list of words based on '/' and # getting the last element using negative indexing print("The File Name is:n",os.path.basename(inputFilepath).split('/')[-1]) Output

On execution, the above program will generate the following output −

The given file path is: C:/Users/cirus/Desktop/tutorialsPoint.pdf The File Name is: tutorialsPoint.pdf Get the File Name From the File Path using the os.path.basename

Using the built-in Python function os.path.basename(), one may determine the base name in the specified path. The base name of the pathname path is returned by the function path.basename(), which takes a path argument.

Example

The following program returns the filename from the given file path using os.path.basename() function −

# importing os module import os # input path of the file inputFilepath = 'C:/Users/cirus/Desktop/tutorialsPoint.pdf' # Printing the given input path print("Give Input Path is:",inputFilepath) # getting the last component(main file name )of the input file path print("The File Name is:n",os.path.basename(inputFilepath)) Output

On execution, the above program will generate the following output −

Give Input Path is: C:/Users/cirus/Desktop/tutorialsPoint.pdf The File Name is: tutorialsPoint.pdf Get the File Name From the File Path using the os.splitext()

If we only need the file name without an extension or only extensions, this method will produce a file and its extension. Here, the os module’s splitext function comes into play.

The os.splitext() method will return a tuple of strings that includes the filename and the content, which we can access using indexing.

Example

The following program returns the filename from the given file path using os.splitext() function −

# importing os module import os inputFilepath = 'C:/Users/cirus/Desktop/tutorialsPoint.pdf' # Printing the given input path print("Give Input Path is:",inputFilepath) # getting the file name from the file path fileName = os.path.basename(inputFilepath) # splitting the file using the splittext() function full_file = os.path.splitext(fileName) # printing the tuple of a string containing file name and extension separately print(full_file) # Concatenating file name with file extension using string concatenation print("The File Name is:n",full_file[0] + full_file[1]) Output Give Input Path is: C:/Users/cirus/Desktop/tutorialsPoint.pdf ('tutorialsPoint', '.pdf') The File Name is: tutorialsPoint.pdf Method 2: Using Pathlib Module

Several classes that describe file system paths with semantics appropriate for numerous operating systems are available in the Python Pathlib module. This module is one of the fundamental Python utility modules.

If we want an extension with the file, we can utilize name attributes, even if the stem is one of the utility attributes that enables extracts of the filename from the link without extension.

Example

The following program returns the filename from the given file path using Path() function and stem attribute of Pathlib Module −

# importing Path from pathlib module from pathlib import Path # input file path inputFilepath = 'C:/Users/cirus/Desktop/tutorialsPoint.pdf' # getting the filename from the file path # here the stem attribute extracts the file name from filepath print('File Name is:',Path(inputFilepath).stem) # here the name attribute returns full name(along with extension) # of the input file print("The File Name Along with Extension is:",Path(inputFilepath).name) Output File Name is: tutorialsPoint The File Name Along with the Extension is: tutorialsPoint.pdf Method 3: Using Regular expressions(regex module)

In order to match the file name with the particular pattern, we can use a regular expression.

pattern - [w]+?(?=.)

The above pattern is divided into 3 patterns −

[w] − matches the words inside the set

+? − matches the string if appears just once before the ? keyword

(?=) − matches any character without a newline and Keep in mind that to stop at.

regex re.search() method

The Python regex re.search() method searches the entire target string for occurrences of the regex pattern and returns the appropriate Match Object instance where the match was found. Only the first match to the pattern in the target string is returned by re.search().

Example

The following program returns the filename from the given file path using the Regular expressions (regex) −

# importing re(regex) module import re # input file path inputFilepath = 'C:/Users/cirus/Desktop/tutorialsPoint.pdf' # regex pattern to extract the file name regex_pattern = '[w-]+?(?=.)' # searching/matching the pattern of the input file path result = re.search(regex_pattern, inputFilepath) # printing the match name print("The File Name is:",result.group()) Output The File Name is: tutorialsPoint Conclusion

In this article, we learned how to use the three different methods to get the file name from the given file path. We learned how to modify the provided file path using the built-in features of the OS module to meet our needs.

If Else Statement In Python: Understanding Concept Conditional

Introduction to if-else Statement in Python

To test which conditions are either TRUE or FALSE amongst two or more, the Python programming language provides a logical statement structure of the form IF-ELIF-ELSE which can be considered the form if statement followed by one or more else if represented as elif in Python. The else statement validates desired conditions against certain criteria or assumptions, enabling the user to perform a required task based on the output returned in the context of the IF ELSE logical statement in Python.

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Syntax in Python:

… … else:

The tab always indents the body of the if-else statement.

You can use various logical conditions inside the if-else statement for evaluation. Let’s say p and q are variables defined in the Python environment. The condition could be:

p == q.

p != q

p < q

p <= q

Flowchart

The flowchart shows that the program first evaluates the test expression. If the expression evaluates to ‘True,’ it executes a specified set of statements. If it evaluates to ‘False,’ it executes another specified set of statements.

Here is the node representation, which can be converted into the if-else statement.

if (A) { XX } elif (B) { YY } else{ ZZ } Examples of if-else Statement in Python

Let’s see some examples to understand if-else more:

Example #1

Code:

var = 100 print("true expression executed") else: print("false expression executed")

Output:

As one can see, var = 100. If the value checked in the if condition is greater than 100, the program prints “True expression executed.” However, if a value is less than or equal to 90, see how this code would have behaved below.

var = 90 print("true expression executed") else: print("false expression executed")

There could use a one-liner code for the above logic.

Code:

var = 100

Output:

Example #2

Now let’s see some comparison of variables.

Code:

p = 90 q = 20 print("true expression executed") print("false expression executed") else: print("Nothing")

Output:

Example #3

Now let’s see the use of the logical operator in an if-else statement:

Code:

p = 2000 q = 3330 r = 600 print("Both conditions are True") else: print("Nothing")

Output:

The same way it can be done for “OR.”

Code:

p = 2000 q = 30 r = 600 print("Any one expression is true") else: print("Nothing")

Output:

Code:

p = 2000 q = 30 r = 600 s = 60 t = 60 print("True is this") else: print("Nothing")

Output:

Example #4

Now let’s see an if-else statement with a pass operator.

There are ample situations where one doesn’t know what logic to put at the writing program’s start. The pass operator is the one that is used at that time.

Code:

pass else: print("Nothing")

Output:

If a statement evaluates to true and contains a pass operator, the program doesn’t print anything

Conclusions

As we saw above, how important is the concept of if-else? Knowing its ways of implementation in your code will help you get a good understanding of it. If one is already familiar with the if-else statement in another computer language, then it becomes really easy to understand the if-else in Python. Concept wise remains the same; syntactically, it varies in Python.

When someone has multiple conditions, one should use if-else if statements rather than a nested if-else statement. This will make the code more readable and cleaner. Similarly, the more one practices various if-else, the more one will learn about their easiness and practicality.

However, one can look for a dictionary concept as an alternative to the if-else statement.

How To Check If Your Windows 10 Computer Supports Miracast.

If you are wondering if your Windows 10 device has Miracast support. This article will explain the requirements of Miracast and how to check if your Windows devices support the feature. A feature that allows you to easily share screen content from one device to another.

How to Stream Steam PC Games to Your Xbox One Console.

Miracast has been around for a long time now and most modern devices support it without any difficulty. However, there are some devices (usually a little dated) that may not have obvious support for Miracast. As a result, you may wish to find out before making any plans to invest in Miracasting tools. A little bit of side information, you can now use Miracast alongside Microsoft’s updated Wireless Display app to stream games from your PC to your Xbox One console (Steam Games Included).

Thankfully, on Windows 10 there is a very easy process available that will allow you to quickly and easily check if your device supports Miracast. It’s also good to know that the process isn’t overly complicated and can be performed in a few simple steps. So let’s begin.

Related: How to Change Audio Device Names on Windows 10. (Rename Audio Devices)

Miracast System Requirements.

Graphics driver must support Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) 1.3 with Miracast support

WiFi driver must support Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) 6.30 and Wi-Fi Direct

Windows 8.1 or Windows 10

How Do You Find Out if Your Computer Supports Miracast?

Even if you couldn’t be bothered checking the above system specs, you can still check to see if your device supports Miracast. To do this, open the Run tool by pressing the Windows Key + R. When you have the Run tool text box open in front of you, type dxdiag into the window and press Enter.

The tool will spend a little time getting everything in order and generate a file with all the information you need. Finally, go to the location you saved the file to and open it. Press Ctrl+F to bring up the Search tool, then search Miracast. This will bring you straight to the text line which states your computer’s Miracast ability. You can now close all of the windows that were opened for this process and delete the .txt file as it has no further purpose.

It’s important to note that both Windows 8.1 and 10 only have the ability to broadcast a Miracast signal. They can’t receive a signal. At least not by default. That said, It is possible to use third-party apps to extend Miracast in this way so that Windows 8.1 and 10 can receive a Miracast signal.

While you are making some changes to your Windows 10 operating system, make sure you check out the following article which will show you how to quickly and easily import or export Windows 10 VPN network connections. A really easy way to transfer VPN settings without having to manually add them. How to Transfer VPN Settings to Different Windows 10 PCs.

Check If Hard Drive Is Ssd Or Hdd On Linux

Overview

To determine whether our file system uses SSD or HDD technology, we need to know which type of storage device is used by our operating system.

There are many different aspects of Linux storage. There seem to be just as many tools available for reading and configuring our storage. We use words like “drive’, ‘volume’, and ‘mount point’ when we want to describe hard drives, optical discs, and USB sticks. But to understand the underlying technology, we only really care about two things −

What physical disk or block device we are looking at (from df)

The hardware parameters of that disk (from hdparm) We’ll see how we can determine whether our files are stored on fast solid state media (SSD) or a slower, mechanical hard disk.

What Disk Are We On, Anyway?

We’ll start off by checking our disk usage with the ‘disk free’ command.

$ df -Th -x tmpfs Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb2 ext4 228G 173G 44G 80% / /dev/sdb1 vfat 511M 6.3M 505M 2% /boot/efi /dev/sdc1 fuseblk 466G 352G 114G 76% /media/a/9EE8E134E8E10AFB1 /dev/mapper/wonder--vg-root ext4 902G 57G 799G 7% /media/a/450c0236-eea5-4a7

To see the file system type, we use −T; to see the total disk space used by files, we use −h; and to exclude temporary files from our output, we use −x tmpfstype. We only want physical hard disks.

From this, we know that our root filesystem is located on a disk called /dev/sda. We also see two disks named sdc and mapper. We can use commands like `mount` and `mountpoint` to clarify where our file system is mapped to which hard disk partitions.

Using hdparm with Care

The “Hard Disk Parameters” command, hdparm, can be used to either get or set drive parameters. That means we can read all kinds of information from our drives. But in addition, it means we can change settings that may harm performance or destroy our data.

We’ll need to run hdparm as root. This means our actions may have immediate and direct consequences.

hdparm and Solid State Drives

Let’s say we want to find out more about the hardware behind our root filesystem. We remember that it’s on the sdb drive. So we can use hdparm with the −I option to ask for detailed information −

$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: Samsung SSD 840 EVO 250GB

From these first few lines, we discover our disk drive has “SSD” in the name. That’s a pretty good indicator that it is indeed a Solid State Drive.

‘Solid State’ Means No Moving Parts

But here’s another example of an SSD drive with a less human-readable name −

$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: Samsung SSD 840 EVO 250GB ...

Let’s see if we can find out which model this is. If we look at the output from hdparm, we see that there’s another command line option that lets us get the exact number of seconds −

Nominal Media Rotation Rate: Solid State Device

What does “Nominal Media Rotation Rate” mean? We’re going to be distinguishing between two different kinds of drives.

A hard disk drive is a mechanical device. Its read/write operations occur by spinning disks coated with magnetic material. These systems are vulnerable to mechanical failures. However, it’s also restricted by how fast the reader’s hand (like a phonographic stylus) can move across the spinning record. The speed at which they rotate is called their rotation rate.

A solid state drive (SSD) stores our data on nonvolatile random access semiconductor storage media, similar to a USB thumb drive. It has no moving parts! There are slower and faster types of solid state drives (SSDs). However, the problem isn’t now in moving the data from one place to another. It’s not in getting it to the CPU; it’s in getting the data from the hard drive to the RAM.

Let’s see what hdparm has got to say about a hard disk drive (HDD).

Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 7200

This output indicates that this hard disc has moving parts. The platter spins at 7200 revolutions per minute (rpm).

We check the “nominal media rotation rate” of our hard drive. If it’ s a number, it‘s a hard disk drive (HDD). Solid state devices (SSDs) are faster than traditional hard drives because they don’t use moving parts.

Conclusion

Linux will tell us lots of information about our storage devices. There’s so much information out there, it’s hard to know where to start. We go through all that information to uncover the specific details of our storage system.

We first list our mounted drives with df.

We then run the hdpamd −i command as root.

Finally, we’re using grep to get right to our information.

Swift Program To Check If Two Arrays Are Equal Or Not

In this article, we will learn how to write a swift program to check whether two arrays are equal. To check if two arrays are equal to not either, we are going to use the following two methods −

using == operator

elementsEqual(_:) method.

Both method and operator return true if both the given array has the same elements. Otherwise, they will return false. For example, arr1 = [2, 3, 4, 5] and arr2 = [2, 3, 4, 5] both arrays are equal so both the method and operator will return true. arr1 = [2, 3, 4, 5] and arr2 = [1, 3, 3, 5] both arrays are not equal so both the method and operator will return false.

Method 1: Using == Operator

In the following example, we use the == operator to compare two arrays. If both arrays contain the same elements in the same order and of the same type, then this operator will return true. Otherwise, it will return false.

Syntax

Following is the syntax of == operator −

Array1 == Array2 Algorithm

Step 1 − Create two arrays.

Step 2 − Check if both the array contain the same elements or not using either the == operator or elementsEqual(_:) method.

var output1 = (Array1 == Array2) var output = Array1.elementsEqual(Array2)

Step 3 − Print the output

Example

In the following example, we check if the given arrays are equal or not using the == operator.

import Foundation import Glibc var Array1 = [74, 99, 9, 38, 78, 132] var Array2 = [74, 99, 9, 38, 78, 132] var Array3 = [78, 99, 91, 38, 708, 32] var output1 = (Array1 == Array2) print("Is Array 1 is equal to Array 2?", output1) var output2 = (Array1 == Array3) print("Is Array 1 is equal to Array 3?", output2) Output Is Array 1 is equal to Array 2? true Is Array 1 is equal to Array 3? false

Here in the above code, we create three arrays with different variations in their values. Now we compare arrays with each other using the == operator. It will return true if the array present on the left-hand side is equal to the array present on the right-hand side of this operator. Otherwise, return false.

Method 2: Using elementsEqual(_:) Method

The elementsEqual(_:) method will return true when both arrays contain the same elements in the same order. Otherwise, this method will return false. If the elements are the same but the order is different, then also this method will return false. Out of two given arrays at least one must be the finite array.

Syntax

Following is the syntax of elementsEqual(_:) method −

Here, other parameters represent the sequence to which we want to compare.

Algorithm

Step 1 − Create two arrays.

Step 2 − Check if both the array contain the same elements or not using the elementsEqual(_:) method.

var output = Array1.elementsEqual(Array2)

Step 3 − Print the output

Example import Foundation import Glibc var Array1 = ["Bus", "Car", "bicycle", "bike"] var Array2 = ["Bus", "Car", "bicycle", "bike"] var Array3 = ["Mango", "Apple", "Banana", "Orange"] var Array4 = ["Car", "Bus", "bike", "bicycle"] var output1 = Array1.elementsEqual(Array2) print("Is Array 1 is equal to Array 2?", output1) var output2 = Array1.elementsEqual(Array3) print("Is Array 1 is equal to Array 3?", output2) var output3 = Array1.elementsEqual(Array4) print("Is Array 1 is equal to Array 4?", output3)

In the following example, we use the elementsEqual(_:) method to check if two arrays are equal or not.

Output Is Array 1 is equal to Array 2? true Is Array 1 is equal to Array 3? false Is Array 1 is equal to Array 4? false

Here in the above code, we create four arrays with different variations in their values. Now we compare arrays with each other using elementsEqual(_:) method. It will return true if the Array on which this method is applied is equal to the array present inside the method(as a parameter) are equal. Otherwise, return false.

Conclusion

So, this is how we can check if two arrays are equal or not either using == operator or using elementsEqual() method. They both return the same result so you can use them according to your choice. Also, they compare two arrays at a time.

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