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Change in Organizational Structure

With the increasing speed of digital transformation, it becomes imperative to shift continuously towards a better organizational design by discarding the previous one. The top businesses today are the highest performing since they have adapted to the changes quickly. The system in which these businesses carry out their daily operations today is much different from how they used to function even ten years back. This continual adaptation has sustained them in the long run. Other organizations which were weighed down by age-old hierarchical practices have either lagged behind or perished. However, redesigning an organization is costly and risky, so, effective leadership and decision-makers are required in the forefront. It is also important to fully realize the nuances of the objective, requirements, and strategy to successfully implement these changes. Employees, especially in the human resources department should be updated of the new strategies in the organization they are in. Letting them

Investment of Resources

The businesses should invest time, money and other resources in building proper infrastructure, adopting new technologies and providing different kinds of leadership training to the employees. To create a more data-inclusive culture, hiring more people with technical skills is not always the solution. It is important for the employees to have the necessary soft-skills and to keep upgrading their technical skills as traditional skills may become redundant in this fast-paced transformation. In this new structure, communication tools will become very essential. Standardised training should be implemented to make communication a priority. To bring about this flexibility, re-designing the organizations with more investment of resources in these areas become necessary. The high-performing businesses have started both forward and backward integration for learning by securing tie-ups with online platforms, universities and other institutions to provide a more dynamic approach to training and learning. So reskilling the adjacent skills combined with leadership training and infrastructure will pave the way to a more data-driven culture. These new business models also need a new approach to leadership mindset and demand some specific skills like negotiation, resilience to lead the network of teams.

Network of Teams

In this drive towards a data-oriented culture, there needs to be a hierarchical shift from traditional business operations. The modern view is that the companies should be viewed as a flexible network supported by well-balanced teams, empowered leaders and decision-makers. Successful organizations today are moving towards this team-oriented approach. A team-centric business model accounts for more flexibility and durability than the age-old hierarchical model with expertise in specific areas. Smaller and well-connected teams are easier to work with. The different network of teams can specialize in different areas of expertise and thus transparency in decision-making also improves. It also helps the businesses to stay nimble as teams can be formed and disbanded quickly and job roles and titles can be changed accordingly. High-performing teams should be analyzed regularly and other teams can be modeled after such teams. Moreover, there should be diversity in the teams to maintain team fluidity.

Accountability and Data Exposure

With specific expertise teams, accountability also becomes more transparent. Individual, as well as team goals, should be set and shared throughout the network. This creates a sense of accountability and boosts productivity. The top business leaders must understand this new flexible and agile model and support processes to increase team fluidity so that transparency and efficiency increases. Data exposure and accessibility increases as more teams handle the data. This, in turn, helps the organizations to deal with the plethora of data and derive meaningful insights from them. So, this shift from isolated data platforms to multi-team access is necessary. This also helps the team to have more first-hand knowledge of the business processes. The teams dealing with data should be governed by management teams that should also be well-acquainted with data. Data should not be limited only to specific teams. There should be an entire network which deals, governs and manages data.

Conclusion

Big data has become a catchphrase owing to its massive potential and exponentially increasing digitalization in all spheres of business. It is among the top priorities for organizations today. Virtually whatever we do today amounts to the generation of data that increasingly gets collected and analyzed. It is changing the way organizations do business. As much as data is important, it is necessary to harness this ocean of data in order to stay afloat. This requires prompt decision-making strategies and directional leadership to steer the businesses in the right direction. As digital revolution matures, data-driven strategies will become an increasingly crucial point of competitive differentiation. To bridge the gap between fast-changing technology magnified by human potential and human adaptability, organizations have to be flexible and fast-adapting. The faster the businesses adapt to this new culture, the sooner it will reap the benefits. In order to utilize the big data to its full potential, it is important that complementary efficient leadership roles are required. Efficient leadership can make way for a new and much required data-driven culture to fully adapt to this new digital transformation. The following list suggests some changes that organizations can undertake to move towards a data-driven chúng tôi the increasing speed of digital transformation, it becomes imperative to shift continuously towards a better organizational design by discarding the previous one. The top businesses today are the highest performing since they have adapted to the changes quickly. The system in which these businesses carry out their daily operations today is much different from how they used to function even ten years back. This continual adaptation has sustained them in the long run. Other organizations which were weighed down by age-old hierarchical practices have either lagged behind or perished. However, redesigning an organization is costly and risky, so, effective leadership and decision-makers are required in the forefront. It is also important to fully realize the nuances of the objective, requirements, and strategy to successfully implement these changes. Employees, especially in the human resources department should be updated of the new strategies in the organization they are in. Letting them get an HR degree online can help them get the right training on organizational development and hone their skills for the betterment of the chúng tôi businesses should invest time, money and other resources in building proper infrastructure, adopting new technologies and providing different kinds of leadership training to the employees. To create a more data-inclusive culture, hiring more people with technical skills is not always the solution. It is important for the employees to have the necessary soft-skills and to keep upgrading their technical skills as traditional skills may become redundant in this fast-paced transformation. In this new structure, communication tools will become very essential. Standardised training should be implemented to make communication a priority. To bring about this flexibility, re-designing the organizations with more investment of resources in these areas become necessary. The high-performing businesses have started both forward and backward integration for learning by securing tie-ups with online platforms, universities and other institutions to provide a more dynamic approach to training and learning. So reskilling the adjacent skills combined with leadership training and infrastructure will pave the way to a more data-driven culture. These new business models also need a new approach to leadership mindset and demand some specific skills like negotiation, resilience to lead the network of chúng tôi this drive towards a data-oriented culture, there needs to be a hierarchical shift from traditional business operations. The modern view is that the companies should be viewed as a flexible network supported by well-balanced teams, empowered leaders and decision-makers. Successful organizations today are moving towards this team-oriented approach. A team-centric business model accounts for more flexibility and durability than the age-old hierarchical model with expertise in specific areas. Smaller and well-connected teams are easier to work with. The different network of teams can specialize in different areas of expertise and thus transparency in decision-making also improves. It also helps the businesses to stay nimble as teams can be formed and disbanded quickly and job roles and titles can be changed accordingly. High-performing teams should be analyzed regularly and other teams can be modeled after such teams. Moreover, there should be diversity in the teams to maintain team chúng tôi specific expertise teams, accountability also becomes more transparent. Individual, as well as team goals, should be set and shared throughout the network. This creates a sense of accountability and boosts productivity. The top business leaders must understand this new flexible and agile model and support processes to increase team fluidity so that transparency and efficiency increases. Data exposure and accessibility increases as more teams handle the data. This, in turn, helps the organizations to deal with the plethora of data and derive meaningful insights from them. So, this shift from isolated data platforms to multi-team access is necessary. This also helps the team to have more first-hand knowledge of the business processes. The teams dealing with data should be governed by management teams that should also be well-acquainted with data. Data should not be limited only to specific teams. There should be an entire network which deals, governs and manages chúng tôi with these changes undertaken, the possibilities become endless as the companies can venture into new areas with more efficiency and security. The complete democratization of work will break the hierarchical order in favor of a power-balanced network of teams with more project-oriented approach. This, in turn, will keep the businesses ahead in the race.

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The Art Of Query Building: Data Problems To Sql Queries

Introduction

Learning Objectives

Understand how data flows through a SQL query and use this to solve data problems.

Transform data problems into SQL queries using a keyword-based approach.

Dos and Don’ts when it comes to SQL keywords.

Finally, we’ll go through an example of using the underlying approach.

This article was published as a part of the Data Science Blogathon.

Table of Contents TABLE: Where Is My Data?

First, I like to start by considering all the tables I need in the query. You can do this by considering all the fields that will be needed to get the desired result, and then we can find them. An important thing to note is that multiple tables may have the same field. For example, user data can be present in multiple tables with different levels of aggregations. Hence, knowing what grain you want to pull in the results is essential. When building the query, I want you to pick one table, go through the steps, and return to the table. Also, if any array fields are needed in the table, now is a good time to unpack them.

FROM table_name LEFT JOIN UNNEST(table_array) AS array WHERE: What I Don’t Want?

Now that you know where your data is coming from, it’s time to know what information you need and, more importantly, what you don’t need from the table. So if the table has a partition or if the query demands filtering a certain type of record, now is the time to use it. Also, I need you to look at all fields in a table and think about all possible ways to filter your data here. You should really push yourself to add more filters.

To put it simply, the lesser data your query sees, the better it performs and avoids mistakes. Further, we often skip obvious filters as they seem too trivial; for example, if you’ve filtered on the partition date, it might still have multiple dates, so look for other date fields and add the filter.

WHERE partition_field = "date_value" AND col1 = "xyz" AND col2 IS NOT NULL ... GROUP BY: What’s the Grain?

Before you SELECT anything, I’d recommend doing a GROUP BY. This is because having this first will often constrain what you select in your query. You can no longer do a `SELECT *`, which rarely makes sense. This will also leave out duplicate records before anything, and trust me; you don’t want duplicates flowing through your query as it’s difficult to determine their origin later. This also forces you to perform aggregations.

You often don’t need a field but only the aggregated value. Having this out of the way is helpful so that the rest of the query sees lesser data. So I’d recommend having a GROUP BY in your query for every table; even if it’s not explicitly needed, it’s an excellent way to avoid duplicates and only pulls in relevant data for the query.

SELECT col1, col2 FROM table_name GROUP BY col1, col2 SELECT: What Do I Actually Want?

After doing all the work above, you can now think about what fields you’ll actually pull from the specific table. If you have followed the above steps, the scope of the fields has already been reduced to the fields that are needed for the specific results.

A `SELECT *` slows down your query and may lead to incorrect results, as you may end up with extra records. The only time you should do it is when you’re trying to do a preview of all the fields in a table. On the contrary, selecting fewer fields first and then adding them later when needed is also feasible.

CASE: Conditions

A case statement is SQL’s way of making IF-ELSE statements. These enable you to capture complex logic and show SQL’s real ability. In addition to using CASE statements for traditional applications, you should also use them to alter fields before selection. For example, if you’re not concerned about a field’s specific value but only want a discrete value like Y/N, this is the time to convert the field using CASE statements.

One thing to note here is always to have an ELSE condition that tells SQL what to do if none of your conditions are met. We’re often confident that we’ve covered all the scenarios in our CASE statement, but data always surprises us. Hence it’s better to have an ELSE condition to avoid unknown behavior. Personally, I like to add `ELSE NULL` so I can see that data didn’t fall into any of my expected scenarios.

CASE WHEN col = "value" THEN "Y" ELSE "N" END AS new_col Aggregations (Level 1): The Math

In this article, we’ll be talking about aggregations twice. At first, you should only worry about aggregations at a single table level. These are usually math-based, like sum, average, max, and min, or count-based. One thing to note for counts is that in 99% of the cases, you’d want to do a `COUNT(DISTINCT field_name)` instead of a regular `COUNT(field_name)` as the latter gives you a record count with duplicates in the specific field. A useful strategy is combining aggregations and CASE statements to capture complex logic in an easy manner. For example, building a purchase_indicator using the total transaction amount as below.

ALIAS: Nicknames

This may seem trivial, but this step is important for readability and writing correct queries. This is because many times, you’ll be deep down in your query looking for a field and not know what it is called. Hence it’s essential to make these worthwhile. Also, rather than using aliases for aggregated or derived fields, it’s helpful to use them for renaming fields with long or funky names in the table. In this way, even though you cannot do anything to the actual table, you can still call it something easy to work with in your own query.

Now if the query you’re building only uses a single table, this is where you stop. However, in most cases, there’ll be more than one table, so you can read further.

CTE: Building Blocks

CTEs or Common Table Expressions can build a temporary table inside your query without creating a real table. These are most useful for compartmentalizing your SQL query. This helps you to think clearly as every element becomes a separate table that can be combined.

At this point, you should put together all the above steps and wrap it in a CTE as done below. These also help in making changes to the query; for example, if you’re trying to edit certain conditions on a table, you can directly go to the associated CTE and make the change, enabling your change to cascade to the rest of your query.

WITH table_cte AS ( SELECT col1, chúng tôi AS col2_alias, FROM table_name LEFT JOIN UNNEST(table_array) AS array WHERE col4 = "value" GROUP BY col1, array.col2 )

Now go back to TABLEs and repeat the steps above for any other tables in your query.

JOINs: Watch Out SELECT col1, col2 FROM cte1 AS c1 JOIN cte2 AS c2 ON chúng tôi = c2.col1 GROUP BY col1, col2 Aggregations (Level 2): More Math

Now is the time to combine the metrics in the final result by aggregating the JOIN results. Because these will make our final results, it’s useful to throw in things like final aliases and FORMAT that make sure the numbers are readable with the appropriate commas.

SELECT FORMAT("%'d", SUM(amount)) AS total_amount ORDER BY: Make it Pretty

Ordering the results should always be saved for the last, as this can’t go in any CTE or subquery. The only time this can be avoided is when your query will be a production query where results are used and not read by someone. Otherwise, adding an `ORDER BY` is helpful, even if not explicitly required, as it will make reading the results much more accessible. Also, you can use fields here and CASE statements to allow for custom ordering of results.

LIMIT: Make it Digestible

Finally, if the plan with the query is to export or use the results to drive another calculation, you can skip this. However, in other cases, having the LIMIT clause is a must, which will only return a certain number of records, making it easier for you and your SQL engine. If you forget this and your query is about to return a million rows, your query will fail even without errors.

LIMIT 100 Putting It All Together

So let’s use our newly gained skills as an example. If you need more examples of queries with data and stories, head to my blog here.

The problem: We have an e-commerce store, and the marketing team wants a report of users who’ve not made a purchase in the last month. The state should break this down the user is in and the last interaction they had on the website.

WITH user_demographics AS ( SELECT user_id, address.state AS state FROM demographics LEFT JOIN UNNEST(address) AS address WHERE country = "USA" GROUP BY user_id, address.state ), user_purchases AS ( SELECT user_id, FROM transactions GROUP BY user_id ), SELECT * EXCEPT(rnk) FROM ( SELECT user_id, event, RANK() OVER(PARITION BY user_id, event ORDER BY date DESC) AS rnk ) t WHERE chúng tôi = 1 ), user_no_pruchases AS ( SELECT a.* FROM user_demographics a LEFT JOIN user_purchases b ON a.user_id = b.user_id WHERE (b.user_id IS NULL OR agg_purchase = "N") ), user_no_purchase_events AS ( SELECT user_id, state, event USING(user_id) GROUP BY user_id, state, event ) SELECT state, event, COUNT(DISTINCT user_id) AS user_count FROM user_no_purchase_events GROUP BY state, event ORDER BY state, event LIMIT 100 Conclusion

Here’s what we learned today:

We started by visiting the importance of SQL and building queries to solve business problems.

Then we delved into a step-by-step approach that leverages SQL keywords to transform data problems into queries.

In this, we highlighted common mistakes that go along with SQL keywords, for example, not having an `ELSE NULL` in a CASE statement.

We also reviewed best practices when writing SQL queries, including `GROUP BY`, to prevent duplicates.

Finally, we discussed an approach to query building using CTEs to compartmentalize your query.

Following these steps, you can transform any business problem into a SQL query that yields desired results.

The media shown in this article is not owned by Analytics Vidhya and is used at the Author’s discretion.

A Frank Body Of Evidence About Business Building

Frank Body co-founder Jess Hatzis took a while to discover her leadership style. She explains how much she values the things that the experience has taught her. Key Takeaways

Frank Body was last valued at $100 million, a figure its co-founders attribute to the business’ customer centricity

The company plans to expand internationally

Frank Body has been in market for about nine years. Its main goal has been to redefine bath and body care, which its Chief Marketing Officer, Jess Hatzis, says has traditionally been dominated by bath-staining fizz bombs and fluffy products.

“We wanted to bring skincare quality ingredients into body care,” Hatzis says. She is one of the four co-founders of the company, who all still remain part of the company’s leadership team today.

But building a product is one thing – building a successful business is entirely another, Hatzis says.

“We didn’t necessarily know how to manage our team in the most effective way. That was a huge learning curve for us. You have to be everything to your team: part coach, mentor, boss. That can be really taxing because you are not a never-ending well of energy and knowledge.

“Sometimes you just don’t know, or you are just exhausted. I found that really challenging until I worked out my leadership style, which was to be an honest and vulnerable leader and talk to my team openly about all aspects of my life and we created a two-way channel in that regard.”

Hatzis notes that in a startup you are often left doing everything, and learning how to delegate can be difficult.

“If you don’t ask, the answer will always be no. For someone wanting to start their business but is scared of it going wrong or not working… It is definitely not going to work if you don’t try.”

– Jess Hatzis, Frank Body CMO

“That was hard for us. When you start, you have to do everything. It doesn’t matter if you love it or hate it or you’re good at it. Eventually, being able to bring on some team members to support us, being able to hire experts in the field, that was one of the biggest wins.”

The growth of the business has been exciting and slightly unexpected, Hatzis says. The most recent valuation was $100 million in 2023. But Hatzis credits the company’s success to its customer centricity.

“If you are not putting that person front and centre, you are never going to succeed,” she says.

What does being customer-centric mean? For Frank Body, it means reverse engineering their products based off of what their customer needs. It’s this ethos that has helped the business build an incredibly loyal following.

“Our customers are the reason our business took off. You can claim all of your strategies, but it was the customers that used the products and shared the reviews. That was what made the business. That remains core to everything we do today.”

“That mentality of whatever will be, will be has been a part of who I am for a very big part of my life. Potentially because I am an overly anxious person, so I’ve been trying from a very young age to train myself to accept the ins and outs of life.

“I can be very stressed about an active problem, but what I try not doing is worrying about a problem I can’t change. It’s completely a waste of time and a waste of energy and it’s taking away from what I could be doing next. Definitely, think about things and take lessons. Have grounded people around you.

Hatzis has a couple of suggestions for anyone wanting to start their own business.

“If you don’t ask, the answer will always be no. For someone wanting to start their business but is scared of it going wrong or not working … it is definitely not going to work if you don’t try.

“People can get too stuck in the big idea. You need to have a big idea, but the only way to get there is to break it down into really simple dot points that are actionable things you can do.

“I see a lot of people who can’t go from the big idea and drill it down into: What are the five things I need to do today to take a step towards this happening? We have a real habit as humans in making things more complicated than they need to be. That includes how we work and how we start businesses.

Having a balance with the people you are going into business with and the team you are building around you is key, she says.

What’s next for the company? International expansion, of course.

“The next stage for us is about market depth. I don’t think we have even scratched the surface, especially when it comes to international markets. To become a household name in those key international markets is what’s next. That is going to require a lot of work.”

What Is The Role Of Relationships In A Successful Business?

Business is a collaborative effort. The relationships that exist among a group of stakeholders define a company and determine how successful or unsuccessful a global brand is.

Why are business ties so important?

Because building a relationship with current and potential clients helps firms to provide a more personalized and appealing customer experience. And it’s the quality of the experience you provide that will determine whether or not you’ll be successful in the long run.

Customers know their experiences are just as essential as the product or service they buy.

This means that businesses must not only supply the items or services that their consumers demand, but they must also create a fantastic end-to-end experience at every touchpoint.

Why is it important to develop client relationships?

Someone likes to work with people they like. Of course, our goal as a company is to make a customer’s life better. The goal is to convey how vital connection development is and how you may include it in your daily routine.

Relationships don’t happen immediately; they take time to develop. Client connections that are strong and long-lasting are the lifeblood of most businesses. Understanding what your consumers enjoy, hate, or care about can help you better serve them. As a solution provider, we must also consider the viewpoint of our clients in order to better understand “what they need?”

How to Calculate Relationship Return?

Complex analytics are not required to calculate ROR. Instead, you may use a simple formula to figure out how well your company does at generating recommendations and recurring business.

Calculate your ROR with this easy formula.

To begin, tally the number of clients who have purchased from you.

Next, calculate how many of those clients you’ve served in the last year.

Then, among the folks you’ve assisted, figure out which ones were referred to you.

Divide the total number of persons you assisted over the previous year by the total number of referrals.

Calculating your company’s ROR is an easy approach to see how well you’re doing at creating relationships. A high ROR % reflects how frequently you deliver value to your customers and how good you are at cultivating solid business connections. A low ROR % indicates that there is potential to strengthen current customer connections.

The higher your ROR, the more clients you’ll be able to help. To go deeper into your company’s ROR, consider the divisions of your organization that interact directly with your customers −

Is social media being utilized to boost participation?

Do you send emails that are specifically suited to the needs of your customers?

Is it possible for readers to share your material with their friends and family?

Do you listen to your customers and reply fast with a solution?

You may compute ROR and display your efficacy using a variety of variables. A high ROR is frequently defined as a higher percentage of devoted customers willing to spread the word about your company through word-of-mouth.

Consider increasing customer touchpoints within your sales, marketing, and support departments if your ROR is poor. The Northeast Quadrant has the solution to this question. First, an individual professional managing the connection transforms from an Expert-for-Hire to a Trusted Advisor in this domain.

Second, the firm should transition from a limited connection focused on a few services to a broad relationship based on several partnerships. Third, as a Vendor, the organization is accountable for expanding the connection with the customer and generating considerable income.

Finally, becoming a Trusted Partner is the ultimate aim for becoming a trusted counsel to your customers and delivering exceptional outcomes. As a Trusted Partner, you set the agenda for your customer.

Customer retention and business connections

Customers must return for more to keep a business solvent and develop, especially for SaaS businesses. A repeat membership, an upgrade to a higher-tier level, or a cross-sell of another product or service are all possibilities. If this is not accomplished, your consumers will begin to leave.

Customers are targeted with personalized offers. CRM gathers a lot of information about a customer’s spending habits and purchases. This may be used to provide personalized offers or relevant material to keep customers engaged with your company.

Increasing loyalty program engagement

A loyalty program is used by certain firms to communicate with their clients. When a consumer utilizes or associates with a business, they might include points, discounts, or awards. For your most lucrative consumers, loyalty programs may be implemented to provide a more memorable experience for them, allowing them to continue to enjoy your brand in new ways.

Customer feedback is used to evaluate performance

For developing business connections, feedback is critical. By identifying critical interaction points and successful transactions, you may utilize CRM to get direct feedback from customers. These areas might be the subject of incentive programs that reward consumers for providing useful suggestions. Customer retention is the most effective approach to preserving long-term customer connections.

How CRM may aid in the improvement of business connections

Better touchpoint interactions − All interactions, whether a consumer fills out a lead generating form or sends a message on social media, can be tracked and monitored in one place. When data is obtained, it may be used to send a customized email or alert the appropriate department to reply. Finally, CRM provides a 360-degree perspective of a consumer and aids in the coordination of interactions with a company.

Respond to consumers more quickly − Customer decision-making is influenced by how quickly you can give the information and help they require. Customers can obtain a response to their enquiry within hours if a CRM is in place, and customer care personnel can respond quickly.

Request feedback − When it comes to enhancing your company connections, your customers are the finest source of inspiration. Requesting feedback allows you to uncover popular features and experiences as well as highlight concerns and obstacles. To learn more about your consumers’ voices and strategies to boost customer retention, use incentivized feedback initiatives.

Use data for personalization − The key to good business partnerships is knowing how to understand data. Look for trends to provide a more customized experience because each consumer interacts with your company in their own unique way. Data, for example, may help you identify your most loyal consumers, allowing you to design offerings that bring value to their lives.

A Focused Practice For Relationship Building

To connect with all of his students, a teacher reflects intently on five of them each day and makes a point of engaging them.

While chugging homemade iced espresso during my morning commute about a year and a half ago, I became conscious that past conversations with students were crackling in and out of my thoughts like Pop Rocks. I experience these reflections randomly and often, and I believe they give me insight about students. But could these meandering reflections be improved?

My off-duty reflections are occupied disproportionately with outliers: the most defiant learners, and kids who revere me. Wouldn’t more students benefit if the approach were less haphazard and unconscious? I decided to experiment with being deliberate and intensive in thinking about my students.

As I waited in my car for a traffic light to change, I decided that for five minutes, I would think about everything significant that I had observed that semester about Conner, a kid in my afternoon class. This first attempt at deliberate reflection gave me considerable insight about a student—insight that led me to start a conversation with him later that day at school.

“I don’t hear you talking about skateboard competitions anymore,” I said. “Do you still ride that Cloud Nine, or are you marshaling all that raw, kinetic energy towards other challenges?” Conner’s eyes lit up as he explained that he’d transformed himself with a group of friends into a parkour maniac. As proof, he ran up my wall and backflipped onto his feet. I asked him to stop, but not before he caught my awed expression.

That encounter was so rich and fun that I decided to operationalize five-minute deliberations on five students every morning during my ride to the gym and then to campus. I now refer to this reflection practice as 5×5 assessment time.

How 5×5 Assessment Works

If you try this, don’t expect it to go perfectly at first. As with mindfulness, you’ll get better with consistent practice.

1. Choose five students to deliberate upon: Pick a time in the morning when you have 25 minutes to think without being too distracted. I keep a list of all 75 students from my four classes in the passenger seat of my sedan and randomly choose five names to think about. After the 5×5 deliberation is over, I cross off the names. The next day, I select five new kids to contemplate.

I still think about all of my students throughout the day, but checking off names ensures that each of my learners receives 300 seconds of dedicated think time at least once a month.

2. Think holistically about the five students: Next, I set my timer app for five minutes and try to answer the following questions for one of the five selected kids:

What have I noticed about the student recently?

What behavior patterns have I observed?

What outside affinities, struggles, values, and goals have been revealed?

What part of the student’s life am I most curious about? What question might spark an answer to help me satisfy that curiosity?

While answering those questions in my head, I try to reflect on potential warning signs. For instance, discolored teeth, eroded gums, and negative preoccupation with body appearance might indicate that a teenager struggles with bulimia.

I also monitor my emotions. Feeling neutral or negative about a student is a cue that I’m overwhelmed or irritated, or that I haven’t paid enough attention to the student to build a proper connection. Warmly anticipating how I will greet the kid when he or she enters my room indicates that my emotions are suitably primed.

I follow this process for each of the five students. If I can develop a theory about what each of the five kids’ needs are and a strategy to engage in a conversation with them, I consider the 5×5 assessment session a success.

3. Interact with the focus students the same day: Later at school, I start conversations with the focus students by identifying what I’ve noticed and asking a question I care about. This can happen in the hall, or in class while I’m passing out papers—whenever it seems natural to do it. For instance: “Mike, a couple days ago you were talking about your dad’s new job. How will that change things for you and your family?”

Many years ago, elementary school librarian Blanche Caffiere pulled Bill Gates out of his shell when she noticed that the sixth grader was reading a Tom Swift Jr. book and recognized that the future founder of Microsoft could handle more complex literature than that. According to Gates, Ms. Caffiere presented him with more challenging texts and took the time to discuss them: “‘Did you like it?’ she would ask. ‘Why? What did you learn?’ She genuinely listened to what I had to say. Through those book conversations in the library and in the classroom we became good friends.”

Avoid forcing a conversation when your attention is scattered or when kids don’t appear open to a personal chat with you. You can always talk later—just look for the right opportunity.

Reflecting on your insights about your students with the 5×5 assessment each morning will build your capacity to notice, understand, and connect with them—competencies exhibited by transformational teachers that fortunately improve with practice.

The Role Of Java Logging In App Development

Java Logging is crucial to app development because it ensures Java applications work as intended. Logging involves recording events and messages an application generates during its runtime. These messages are used to spot errors, monitor performance, maintain compliance, and debug issues with Java-based applications.

The Java logging framework has different sets of APIs to log messages at various levels of severity, namely INFO, WARNING, and SEVERE. These log messages can be written to different targets like a remote server, a file, or a console.

App developers can use the logging framework to configure the logging behavior of Java-based applications, such as the log level and the format and destination of the log messages. They can also filter and format log messages according to different criteria like their source or severity level. To gain in-depth knowledge on this concept, read this Java logging series of guides.

Importance of Java Logging

Developers often rely on Java logging when building and testing their Java-based applications. Here are some benefits of the process:

Identifying errors and troubleshooting

Java logging is essential for identifying errors that prevent a Java-based application from running as intended. Whenever such an application develops an error or exhibits strange behavior, developers can examine the log to determine what went wrong and diagnose the problem.

Compliance and audit trails

The process is crucial for audits and compliance because log messages detail all the actions that occur during an application’s runtime. This allows senior developers to audit the application and ensure it is programmed to function according to the development plan.

Performance monitoring

Java logging is invaluable for app performance monitoring because developers can use it to measure how long some actions take. This provides a basis for app optimization and allows developers to improve their applications.

Security overview

Logging helps security efforts by recording failed login attempts, security breaches, and user activity within an application. Cybersecurity professionals can analyze this data and use their findings to develop more robust app security measures to prevent the recurrence of previous security incidents.

Java Logging Framework

This framework provides a standardized way to record and manage log messages in Java-based applications. Java logging frameworks consist of numerous components that work in tandem to facilitate the logging process. Here are some of the important ones:

Logger

As the central component of a Java logging framework, loggers are responsible for receiving log messages and forwarding them to the appropriate handler to be processed. They are defined by a hierarchical naming convention reflective of the structure of the application in question. Developers use this to control the granularity of the logging output by making adjustments to the log levels at different levels of the hierarchy.

There are different types of Java loggers available, and these are the most widely used:

Java Logging (java.util.logging)

This is the default logging framework that accompanies the Java Development Kit and performs the basic logging functions.

Log4j

Logback

Logback has similar functionality to Log4j but is faster, more efficient, and has additional features.

Handler

Handlers process the log messages from the logger and send them to their appropriate output destination. The destination can be a console output, database, file, or socket. Several logging frameworks have built-in handlers, while others permit developers to create custom ones.

Formatter

This component formats log messages before being forwarded to the handler. Formatters format the time and date stamps, class names, message texts, and log levels of log messages so handlers can process them appropriately.

Filter

Filters determine the log messages that the handler processes. They filter log messages based on criteria like class name, log level, and keywords.

Tips for Efficient Java Logging

Developers should consider the following tips to ensure effective Java logging in their applications:

Define log levels

Defining log levels will ensure messages are logged at the right severity level. The widely used levels are DEBUG, ERROR, INFO, FATAL, and WARN.

Use descriptive log messages

Log messages should be descriptive enough for developers to understand. They should contain relevant information like class, method, time stamp, level of severity, and text.

Do not log sensitive information

Logging sensitive information like credit card numbers, social security numbers, and passwords can compromise an app’s security. As a resultevelopers should avoid logging them.

Use contextual information

Contextual information like request IDs, user IDs, and session IDs are helpful to developers when tracing the sequence of events that led up to an error they are investigating, so they should use it.

Implement log rotation

Log rotation is used to prevent log files from growing too large. Large log files make it difficult to investigate application errors, so configuring their maximum size and age simplifies the process.

Endnote

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