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Is the Linux community under-represented in the Linux Foundation?
Last week, this question raised controversies when Free Software Foundation director Matthew Garrett observed that the Linux Foundation had eliminated voting rights for individual members and changed its bylaws to make at-large board members optional.
Observing that these changes were made shortly after Karen Sandler of the Software Freedom Conservancy announced her intention to run for the Linux Foundation board, Garrett speculates that they were made to keep her off the board, because her interest in license enforcement was at odds with the Linux Foundation’s policy.
Clearly, to many, the Linux Foundation represents the community poorly. However, the accuracy of that perception seems more mixed that either side seems willing to acknowledge.
The Linux Foundation and the Uneasy AllianceBoth these practices, however common they may be in non-profit professional organizations, could hardly be more different from the egalitarian governance that prevails in open source projects. Nor does it help that the Linux Foundation’s budget is almost twenty times greater than that of the Free Software Foundation, the organization that perhaps comes closest to representing the community as a whole. Given these differences, conflict seems inescapable.
Yet despite these natural differences, the Linux Foundation has benefited the community as much as its members corporation. Among other things, it funds leading developers like Linus Torvalds, allowing them to work without being unduly influenced by corporate donors. It supports resources like OpenPrinting, the database of printer compatibility with Linux. When key projects like SSH were found to be underfunded, the Linux Foundation stepped in to provide vendor-neutral relief. From the first, the Foundation has also supported LinuxCons in North America, Europe, and Japan, providing some of the major Linux conferences today.
Cynics might say that these services are for corporate members, but that hardly matters — such services cannot be provided for corporations without also benefiting the community, any more than the rich can have street lights for themselves but not the general public. To condemn these services because they are judged to be delivered non-democratically would be hypocritical, considering that the community tolerates many projects controlled by a BDFL (Benevolent Dictator for Life).
However, from the first, Linux Foundation’s version of chúng tôi has emphasized technical material rather than news articles, no doubt to avoid the possibility of upsetting members with negative reviews. It continues to attract first rate writers like Carla Schroeder and Swapnil Bhartiya, but its rates are low compared to sites like LWN or Linux Pro Magazine.
Even more noticeably, forum activity has dropped dramatically — out of thirty forums, only six have last posts that are less than a week old, and, on twenty, the last posts were several months ago.
Whether the Linux Foundation is to be blamed for these circumstances is uncertain. However, add them to the changes in governance observed by Garrett, and the Linux Foundation does seem to be paying less attention to the community than it once did — and, as the responses to Garrett’s blog shows, the community is reciprocating with the anger and suspicion that is never far away from Linux’s uneasy alliance.
Reviving the allianceYou do not have to take sides to be concerned about this situation. Although the alliance responsible for Linux is often uneasy, it is responsible for Linux’s runaway success, with both the community and the corporations offering what the other has not.
Garrett’s blog was rashly worded, but it still raised legitimate questions that many would like answered — questions like, “Why were the bylaws about representation changed?” and “”What can the Foundation do to give the community greater involvement in its activities?”
Of course, some might say that as a 501(c) (6) American non-profit, the Linux Foundation cannot be blamed for any of its actions, and is only doing what it was designed to do, and representing its corporate members. However, given that the members of the uneasy alliance are dependent on each other, the Foundation would be acting in the best interest of its corporate members if it addressed the apparent problems with the community directly and in detail. The sooner such actions are taken, the better for everyone.
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What Is Ubuntu? The Past And Present Of The Ubuntu Linux Distro
Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution in the world. It may (or may not) be the best, but it is definitely the most popular. The distribution, or packaged “brand” of Linux, is developed by Canonical Ltd. for use on desktops, servers, and many other applications.
Ubuntu is also the most popular operating system in the cloud. It’s the operating system Google built its Android development tools around. Ubuntu was the first Linux distribution supported by Valve for Steam. When most people think of Linux, they’re probably thinking about Ubuntu.
What Is Linux Then?Even though Linux drives a majority of the Internet, most people haven’t even heard of it, let alone using it. So, what exactly is Linux?
Technically speaking, Linux is just a kernel, the core of a computer operating system. That Linux kernel is at the center of much more than what people typically think of as “Linux,” including Android. The software typically referred to as the Linux operating system is actually a combination of the Linux kernel and a set of open source tools, many of which come from the GNU project, leading some people to call it GNU/Linux.
To put it all simply, GNU/Linux (many call it “Linux” for short. though that is incorrect) is an open source operating system built around the Linux kernel. It’s a descendant of the Unix operating system, making it a cousin to the BSD operating systems and macOS. Even though the applications built for these related operating systems won’t work directly on Linux, software is often ported between them. After all, the underlying systems are actually fairly similar, and you probably won’t have too hard of a time switching from a Mac to Ubuntu or vice-versa.
How Did Ubuntu Get Started?Ubuntu wasn’t always the most popular Linux distribution. In fact, it’s actually a comparatively young distribution. With that said, the rise of Ubuntu lines up pretty well with the uptick in Linux popularity as a whole.
The initial goal of Ubuntu was to take Debian, which was fairly difficult to install at the time (2004), and make a Linux distribution that anyone could use. Actually, the first bug filed for Ubuntu stated that Microsoft Windows dominated the desktop operating system market, and Ubuntu was there to change that.
Ubuntu’s earliest releases focused on developing user friendly features, like a graphical installer that walked users through the steps of setting up Ubuntu. Ubuntu configured your computer for you, which wasn’t a given in the Linux world at the time. It provided a ready-to-use desktop right out of the install. Ubuntu also made a point of making thirdparty software, like drivers, easily accessible, another sore point for Linux users.
Clearly, the effort to make Linux accessible worked because Ubuntu quickly won the hearts of longtime Linux users and newcomers alike.
What Can You Do with Ubuntu?In case it wasn’t already clear, you can do pretty much anything you want with Ubuntu. It’s a powerful and versatile Linux distribution. You can theoretically install and run Ubuntu on every device you own. That means you can run Ubuntu on your desktop and laptop.
Then, you can use Ubuntu to host your website on a server. You can build a network attached storage device to back up your files on your network using Ubuntu. Next, install Ubuntu Core on a Raspberry Pi to use it as an IoT device. Finally, connect it all with your custom-built router, also running Ubuntu. If you’re feeling really creative, there are even a couple of ways to run Ubuntu on your Android phone.
Chances are if you’re reading this, you’re probably considering installing Ubuntu on your desktop or laptop. Even there you’ll find plenty of options. Ubuntu comes in a variety of “flavors,” each built for a specific purpose or around a desktop environment. The desktop environments determine the look and feel of Ubuntu. They also dictate which graphical system utilities – like file managers, archive tools, and PDF viewers – you get.
From there, Ubuntu is like any other desktop operating system. You can find any type of software you may need on Ubuntu, and most of it comes free of charge. Ubuntu also makes an excellent gaming operating system. You can install Steam on Ubuntu and use it to play thousands of games, including some exclusive to Windows. It’s also not a hard feat to install the latest graphics drivers for your card on Ubuntu. Even though you might not find the exact same programs, it’s hard to think of anything you can’t do on a Ubuntu desktop.
What’s on the Horizon for Ubuntu?It’s hard to say what’s coming up for Ubuntu, but it continues to be a major player in most of the cutting edge areas of the tech world. Ubuntu has always been a favorite on the cloud, and it continues to make progress there, with improvements to deployment and containers. It’s also becoming a favorite in the AI and machine-learning fields. This popular Linux distribution also has an IoT specific version, Ubuntu Core, and it continues to grow in that space, too.
The IBM acquisition of Red Hat now makes Canonical the largest independent Linux company. That could go a couple of ways, and it’s too soon to know which it will be. Depending on IBM’s handing of Red Hat, former Red Hat and CentOS users could find themselves turning to Ubuntu. That’d cement Ubuntu’s place as the biggest player on both desktops and in the business world.
Of course, the amount of money involved in the Red Hat acquisition could also inspire a Canonical IPO or even a purchase from a different tech giant. If the often-dreaded rumors are true, that could be someone like Microsoft. This really isn’t anything but rampant speculation, so don’t worry too much about it.
Whatever the future has in store for Ubuntu, it’s probably going to be bright. All signs point to continued growth for Canonical and Ubuntu in the business world and improvements in usability and compatibility for home Ubuntu users.
Nick Congleton
Nick is a freelance tech. journalist, Linux enthusiast, and a long time PC gamer.
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7 Of The Best Latex Editors For Linux
Word processors are great. They can handle basic composition jobs such as writing letters and essays. However, word processors cannot easily handle documents with custom layouts and graphs.
This is because word processors such as Microsoft’s Word and Libreoffice’s Writer are not designed for those tasks. As such, this can be incredibly limiting if you want to create documents with unusual formats and symbols.
Knowing that, one way to get around this problem is by using a flexible document language such as TeX. From there, you can then use a preparation program such as LaTeX to output your TeX file into a printable document.
What is TeX and LaTeX?TeX is a typesetting and formatting language developed by Donald Knuth in 1978. Unlike modern “What You See Is What You Get” (WYSIWYG) text processors, TeX is similar to the source code of a program.
This source code then tells a typesetter how to compile and publish a TeX file. Doing it this way allows you to easily modify a document and separate its parts as files and directories. In turn, this can be incredibly useful if you are working on a big project such as with technical documents, manuals and books.
On the other hand, LaTeX is an offshoot of the TeX language. It was developed by Leslie Lamport in 1985. Since then, it has become the most popular version of TeX today.
Image source: Latex Project
Below we will show you some of the best LaTeX editors for Linux today.
1. TeXmakerOne of the most professional and well-known LaTeX editor today is TeXmaker. This is a simple, two-panel editor that allows you to write the LaTeX code and immediately see the results on an adjacent panel.
TeXmaker also includes a number of scripts that will assist you in creating tables and figures. This makes TeXmaker attractive to beginners as it reduces the code that you will write to create a document.
Further, TeXmaker also includes features such spellcheck and multi-language support. Lastly, if you want to switch from Linux to Macbook, you’ll be able to, thanks to cross-platform support.
At the moment, TeXmaker is available to the GNOME desktop. As such, if you are using Ubuntu, installing it is incredibly easy through apt:
sudo
apt
install
texmaker 2. LyXLyX is one of the oldest LaTeX editors still alive today. Despite that, it has one of the most intuitive way of editing LaTeX documents – you can edit your documents in a WYSIWYG format.
Instead of editing the code, you directly edit the final document. This can be especially useful if you want to use LaTeX but you do not want to write LaTeX code.
However, one of the biggest issues with LyX also stems from its WYSIWYG approach. Unlike TeXmaker, LyX opted to use its own syntax when doing complex structures. This means that there is still a learning curve in using LaTeX’s more powerful features.
Because of that, LyX is more appropriate for simple documents such as essays and communication letters.
Similar to TeXmaker, LyX is also available in Debian and Ubuntu through apt:
sudo
apt
install
lyx 3. KileUnlike TeXmaker and LyX, Kile does not automatically display the final document. Instead, Kile expects you to write and compile the code before you see any of your work.
In that regard, you can consider Kile similar to an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) rather than a text editor.
While this might seem archaic, this allows Kile to be as flexible as possible. For example, it is easy to create complex tables in Kile through the use of its function library.
Since Kile is an IDE for LaTeX, it also supports Tab Completion and Syntax Highlighting. This can be especially useful if you are still learning the basics of writing code.
Further, Kile also natively supports BibTeX. This is a bibliography management program that runs alongside LaTeX. As such, Kile can also be helpful if you are writing academic articles and you want your citations to register as you write them.
With that, Kile is available in Debian and Ubuntu through apt:
sudo
apt
install
kile 4. TeXstudioTeXmaker fans will find using TeXstudio familiar. TeXstudio originally forked from TeXmaker in 2009 due to a lack of openness to adopting new features and support.
That is exactly what TeXstudio offers: a template system, integrated assistance for inserting complex figures and some of the usual features such as PDF preview. Further, TeXstudio also have syntax highlighting to help you keep track of your code as you go.
If you like how TeXmaker works and you are looking for a fine-tuned editing experience, you will find TeXstudio a better fit for you. This is thanks to a wider set of options to customize the UI and automation tools.
You can install TeXstudio in Debian and Ubuntu through apt:
sudo
apt
install
texstudio 5. GummiGummi is a simple yet beautiful LaTeX editor. It is a two-panel editor similar to TeXmaker and TeXstudio. However, unlike both of those, Gummi distills the core experience to its basics.
This means that there is little to no fluff included with Gummi. There are no complex functions, no additional menus and no macros.
This makes Gummi highly accessible for novice LaTeX users since it only takes the code that you have and display it in a screen. This approach also makes Gummi incredibly lightweight which, in turn, makes it easy to run even in old hardware.
However, this simplicity is also Gummi’s downside. It does not have any means to track files across a directory and it does not have any autocomplete functions. Despite that, Gummi is still useful for simple documents such as essays and letters.
You can install Gummi in Debian and Ubuntu through apt:
sudo
apt
install
gummi 6. TeXworksTeXworks is a simple TeX editor that focuses on giving a single interface for non-technical users. Similar to Gummi, it is also a two-panel editor that does not have any additional features.
This approach, in turn, allows it to be both lightweight and compatible across different operating systems.
Further, TeXworks also allows you to write and compile code for different TeX engines. This means that you can use it for writing PDFLaTeX and ConTeXt documents.
This can be useful if you are using different TeX engines and you want a single interface for writing and compiling documents.
With that, you can install TeXworks in Debian and Ubuntu through apt:
sudo
apt
install
texworks 7. OverleafOverleaf is a beautiful, cloud-based LaTeX editor. Unlike the previous editors, Overleaf is an online editor that you can access from your web browser. This means that you can run Overleaf from anywhere as long as they can run a modern web browser.
Being an online editor, Overleaf also allows you to share and collaborate on documents with other people. This is useful if you are working on an academic article with multiple people and you want a single place for writing.
Further, Overleaf also works with schools to provide a template for journals. These features, as such, make Overleaf an attractive option for writers that want to submit their work to publications.
You can start using Overleaf today by going through their registration page.
Frequently Asked Questions 1. I want to create a LaTeX document from my text editor. What programs should I use?There are a number of ways to compile a LaTeX document from scratch. However, the most common way of doing this is by obtaining a copy of the TeXLive distribution. This is a bundle of software that contains all the programs and packages that you need to create and publish LaTeX documents.
If you are using Debian or Ubuntu you can install the full TeXLive distribution through apt:
sudo
apt
install
texlive-fullOnce installed, you can then run the pdflatex program to produce a printable PDF from your TeX file. For example, if I want to create a PDF of my TeX-formatted essay I can run the following command:
pdflatex chúng tôi What is the difference between LaTeX and XeTeX?As discussed above, LaTeX is a document preparation system. This means that it deals with the process of laying out the content of a TeX file. This content is then sent to a typesetting engine such as PDFLaTeX which creates a print-ready document in either PDF or PostScript format.
On the other hand, XeTeX is an engine for Unicode documents. This means that XeTeX allows you to easily use Unicode characters natively in your documents without the need to use escape characters.
Image credit: Unsplash
Ramces Red
Ramces is a technology writer that lived with computers all his life. A prolific reader and a student of Anthropology, he is an eccentric character that writes articles about Linux and anything *nix.
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5 Of The Best Gaming Mice For Linux
Most peripherals aren’t supported under Linux, right? Well, there’s a lot more support available than you probably think. While it’s true that most hardware manufacturers completely neglect Linux, it’s also true that the open source community is capable of just about anything. They’ve stepped up and created excellent open-source drivers for a lot of popular gaming hardware. Then, of course, you have mice that just don’t need drivers and will work out of the box. Those are a great option for gaming on Linux, too.
1. Roccat Kone XTDRoccat doesn’t support Linux, but they do give a nod to the people in the open source community that do. They actually include a link on their official product pages to the Linux drivers.
Linux support for Roccat mice and the Kone XTD is done by volunteers, and it hasn’t been updated in a while, but the mice still work great. Actually, they work without the drivers, but the drivers do allow you to control the lighting.
2. Zowie FK2Zowie mice are driverless. You can plug them into your Linux (or any) system, and they’ll work. Zowie’s mice are known to be fairly minimal but very dependable and well built. If you’re looking for a good FPS or general purpose gaming mouse, consider the Zowie FK2 or FK1.
3. Razer DeathAdder EliteIt’s almost surprising to see a high-end mouse from Razer on this list, but there are actually two. The Razer DeathAdder Elite is one of the best gaming mice on the market: it’s fairly minimal and boasts an impressive 16000 max DPI.
Razer doesn’t actively support Linux, but there’s an awesome open-source project that does. The OpenRazer Project supports the DeathAdder Elite, including RGB functionality, and it’s available for most major distributions. By installing OpenRazer, you can have a fully functional DeathAdder Elite on your Linux system.
4. Razer Naga ChromaA lot of what holds true for the DeathAdder Elite applies to the Naga Chroma. OpenRazer supports the Naga Chroma, too. If you’re a fan of MMOs or MoBAs, the Naga Chroma (or Naga Hex) is an excellent option on Linux. The buttons all work well, and you can control the LEDs through OpenRazer.
5. Corsair M65The Corsair M65 has long been a favorite gaming mouse. Again It’s an excellent all-around mouse, but it really excels with FPS. It supports up to 12000 DPI and weight tuning.
Again, Corsair doesn’t support Linux, but there is an open-source project that does. The basic functions of the mouse should work without the drivers, but if you want to control the RGB functionality, install them.
Closing ThoughtsIf none of these mice are directly appealing to you, explore other mice by the same brands. Check the compatibility offered by the open source drivers. They do cover a fairly broad array.
Image credit: All mouse images are property of their respective manufacturers.
Nick Congleton
Nick is a freelance tech. journalist, Linux enthusiast, and a long time PC gamer.
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5 Of The Best Linux Distros For Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi debuted in 2012, and since then the tiny computer and its successors have powered countless projects. While you can install regular Ubuntu on a Raspberry Pi, there are plenty of more specialized Linux distributions available. This list includes options that can handle everything from general computing to creating a tiny portable arcade.
1. RaspbianIf you’re looking for a good place to start, Raspbian is it. It’s the Raspberry Pi Foundation’s official supported operating system, so you’ll find plenty of documentation. It also has a lot of software installed so you can get started right away.
Raspbian, as the name implies, is based on Debian, but with a few modifications. It uses the PIXEL as its main desktop, which is lightweight, so it runs faster on the Raspberry Pi. Most of the software installed is for general computing, education, and programming. Python, Scratch, Sonic Pi, Java, and more are included, making it a great system for tinkerers.
2. RecalBoxThere are multiple Linux distros aimed at turning the Raspberry Pi into a retro gaming machine, but RecalBox is one of the easiest to use. It supports a wide range of arcade machines and game consoles from the days of 8-bit and onwards. Depending on the hardware you have, you might not be able to run some games. That said, there are still plenty that will work.
To help you get started, we have a guide to installing and configuring RecalBox.
3. RuneAudioWhile RecalBox aims to turn your Raspberry Pi into a tiny arcade, RuneAudio turns it into a Jukebox. That’s actually selling RuneAudio short, as this distro’s focus on high-resolution audio makes it much more than a jukebox.
RuneAudio can play your entire digital music library, whether it’s from a USB drive plugged into your Raspberry Pi or a NAS accessed over your network. Even better, its web-based interface means you can control it wirelessly throughout your home. This includes Windows and Linux computers as well as Android-powered mobile devices.
Common audio formats like FLAC, WAVE, MP3, and ALAC are supported. You also get Native DSD playback with DSD-over-PCM. For a list of all the features, see the RuneAudio website. For a quick start, take a look at our guide to setting up RuneAudio.
4. LibreELECIf you’re looking to use a Raspberry Pi to replace your Roku or Apple TV, LibreELEC may be just what you’re looking for. The LibreELEC website describes the distro as “just enough OS for Kodi,” and that’s exactly what it is.
If you’re not familiar, Kodi is popular media center software. After a simple setup process, you can stream everything from South Park episodes to sports. LibreELEC is a lightweight distribution meant to provide everything needed to run Kodi and nothing else. This is a plus for media center use unless you’re looking for a distro to use for general computing.
5. OpenMediaVaultSo far, most of the distros we’ve covered are aimed at making your Raspberry Pi fun to use. In the case of OpenMediaVault, it’s time for your Raspberry Pi to get to work.
Aimed at use in small business or home office settings, OpenMediaVault helps you put together your own Network Attached Storage (NAS). Based on Debian, this distribution features services like SSH, (S)FTP, SMB/CIFS, RSync, and more. Simply attach your storage and connect to your network, then use the web-based administration to set it up just how you want.
Raspberry Pi isn’t your only optionYou’ll find great options on the above list, but not all of them are limited to the Raspberry Pi. Some, like RecalBox and LibreELEC, support other hardware as well. If you’re wondering what some of these other options are, we have a list of five Raspberry Pi alternatives you might want to check out.
Kris Wouk
Kris Wouk is a writer, musician, and whatever it’s called when someone makes videos for the web.
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Bibhu Mohapatra: Heritage Is Foundation Of Creativity
Biography & Career
Bibhu Mohapatra was born on June 7, 1922, in India. His education was completed at Utah University in the US. He was married in 2014 to Robert Ronae Beard. Bibhu Mohapatra started his career as a fashion designer at J. Mendal and left to find his own way of starting a new foundation, which is his Purple Label. Since 2008, he has been giving more stylish clothes, fine costumes, and accessories. His first collections were launched at New York Fashion Week in 2009, and they Were marvelous. Bibhu Mohapatra’s luxury women’s ready−to−wears are demanding attention under his umbrella in New York, Houston, Palm Beach, Tampa, Houston, Mumbai, New Delhi, Frankfurt, Beijing, Mexico, and Costa Rica. Bibhu Mohapatra’s has many boutiques around the world to sell his collections.
Puma’s creative director, who was dressed in a June Ambrose in a white silk faille gown, which was a handmade creation of Indian style embroidery and brilliantly designed by Bibhu Mohapatra. In 2023, for the Met Gala, Mohapatra’s Spring 2023 collection was Amrita Sher−Gil’s inspiration.
Bibhu Mohapatra has been associated with Forever Mark since 2023. It is a Forever Mark, which is a division of DeBeers. Bibhu Mohapatra launched a collection of amazing diamond jewellery in 2023. Forever Mark provided an assortment of diamond jewelry, which complimented his Fall−Winter 2023 collection during New York Fashion Week. The first exclusive collection by Bibhu Mohapatra was called “Artemis by Bibhu Mohapatra. In 2023, Bibhu Mohapatra’s second DeBeers collection was launched. He passed the 10−year mark with his 2023 fall collection.
Bibhu Mohapatra’s Inspiration Bibhu Mohapatra’s Charitable WorksIn India, in his own state of Odisha, Bibhu Mohapatra helped by designing many collections of hand−woven silk saris for the traditional hand weavers.
The India Society is a New York institution that was founded to assist students of fashion and fine art and provide internships and tutoring in universities across the US. Bibhu Mohapatra is the co−founder of this India Society.
Bibhu Mohapatra’s Honourers and AwardsThe Washington National Opera at Kennedy Centre in Washington, DC, called Bibhu Mohapatra in 2023 to design costumes for the post−COVID reopening in the honour of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg. Bibhu Mohapatra was the primary costume designer for the Verdi opera Aida, which started in New York during the 2012 summer season at the Glimmerglass Opera in Cooperstown.
Bibhu Mohapatra received the “Young Innovator Award” from the National Arts Club in 2010. He was elected a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America. In June 2010, SCAD Atlanta presented the exhibition “Surface” by Bibhu Mohapatra, an exhibition encompassing work from many seasons In 2013, Mohapatra was a finalist for the 2014 International Woolmark Prize.
DNA, Journal, Marie Claire, and Gotham Vogue are among the fashion magazines that publish and approve works about the fashion industry and its contributions. In Touch Weekly, the New York Times, and Forbes.
ConclusionBibhu Mohapatra’s tagline is “creativity from the roots,” and he has made us proud as Indians with his genius work and contributions to the fashion world. He lives and works in New York City but always remembers his motherland and its tradition, which is the most remarkable characteristic of any successful creator in the fashion world and world−wide. Bibhu Mohapatra showed us how to be humble and kind with the justification of our work without leaving anyone’s signature style and ownership of our fields of creation or work.
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